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The lingual enamel morphology and bracket shear bond strength influenced by Nd:YAG laser and aluminum oxide sandblasting preconditioning

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the influence of Nd:YAG laser and aluminum oxide sandblasting on the shear bond strength (SBS) of lingual brackets and to optically analyze the behavior of the enamel morphology.

Materials and methods

Thirty-five bovines’ incisors teeth were divided into 5 groups (n = 7), according to the surface preconditioning: G1, control group; G2, Nd:YAG laser; G3, laser + aluminum oxide sandblasting (Al2O3); G4, Al2O3; and G5, Al2O3 + laser. All groups had lingual brackets bonded and shear debonded after 72 h. SBS values were analyzed, and the enamel morphology was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), before and after preconditioning surface. The optical attenuation coefficient (α) analysis was obtained from OCT images. Data analysis used the ANOVA test, followed by post hoc Tukey, Kruskal Wallis, and post hoc Dunn tests (significance of 5%).

Results

The SBS values presented similarly among groups, but the value of α showed statistical difference (p-value = 0.0124) between G3 and G5 with the others. Optical analyses indicated a melting on the enamel that suffered laser irradiation for G2 and G5 and crystal surface disorganization for G4. Sandblasting partially removes the melting of the laser effect (G3).

Conclusion

The sandblasting is a dispensable step for bonding lingual brackets, and the melting of the enamel after laser irradiation does not compromise the bracket adhesive resistance.

Clinical relevance

The Nd:YAG laser became an interesting tool to prevent caries and decrease prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic treatments, without systemic effects in patients with genetic high risks of caries.

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Funding

This study was financed in part by CAPES-PROCAD (grant number 88881.068505/2014-01) and sponsored by São Paulo Research Foundation (CEPID-FAPESP 05/51689-2 and 17/50332-0), CNPq National Institute of Photonics (no. 465763/2014-6), and PQ-1C 309902/2017-7.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthesis and Buco-Facial Surgery, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    Mônica Schäffer Lopes

  2. Center for Lasers and Applications, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

    Daísa Lima Pereira & Denise Maria Zezell

  3. School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Avenida Portugal, 584, Caruaru, PE, 55016-901, Brazil

    Cláudia Cristina Brainer de Oliveira Mota

  4. Biomedical Engineering program, Universidade Brasil, Instituto Científico e Tecnologico, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584 Itaquera, Sao Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil

    Marcello Magri Amaral

  5. Graduate Program in Dentistry and Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes

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  1. Mônica Schäffer Lopes
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  2. Daísa Lima Pereira
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  3. Cláudia Cristina Brainer de Oliveira Mota
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  4. Marcello Magri Amaral
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  5. Denise Maria Zezell
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  6. Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes
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Contributions

Mônica Schaffer Lopes contributed the idea, hypothesis, and experimental design; performed the experiments in partial fulfillment of requirements for a degree; performed a certain test; wrote the manuscript; and contributed substantially to discussion. Daísa Lima Pereira contributed the experimental design, consulted on and performed statistical evaluation, and contributed substantially to discussion. Cláudia Cristina Brainer de Oliveira Mota proofread the manuscript and contributed substantially to discussion. Marcello Magri Amaral developed the custom software for analysis, performed a certain test, and contributed substantially to discussion. Denise Maria Zezell conceived the experiment, provided infrastructure, proofread the manuscript, and contributed substantially to discussion. Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes conceived the experiment, provided infrastructure, proofread the manuscript, and contributed substantially to discussion.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Denise Maria Zezell.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This ex vivo study was exempted from the evaluation by the Ethical Committee on Animal Experiments (Universidade de São Paulo) under process number 107/12, since it used bovine teeth collected in accredited slaughterhouse.

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For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Lopes, M.S., Pereira, D.L., de Oliveira Mota, C.C.B. et al. The lingual enamel morphology and bracket shear bond strength influenced by Nd:YAG laser and aluminum oxide sandblasting preconditioning. Clin Oral Invest 25, 1151–1158 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03418-x

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