Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Prevalence and associated factors of periodontal conditions among 55- to 74-year-old adults in China: results from the 4th National Oral Health Survey

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess periodontal health conditions among 55- to 74-year-old Chinese people and to analyze the factors associated with periodontal diseases.

Materials and methods

In total, 9054 subjects aged 55–74 years were enrolled from all 31 provinces using a stratified multistage probability sampling method, autonomous regions and municipalities of the Chinese mainland, the response rate was 86.9%. All subjects underwent clinical examinations on the severest site for every tooth and completed a questionnaire that collected information on their sociodemographic characteristics and oral habits. T tests, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data.

Results

The percentage of people without bleeding on probing, probing depth ≥ 4 mm and attachment loss > 3 mm was 5.0 and 9.3% in the 55- to 64-year-old and the 65- to 74-year-old age group. The prevalence of bleeding on probing was 88.4% among 55 to 64 years old and 82.6% among 65 to 74 years old. Mean number of teeth with bleeding on probing were 13.87 among 55 to 64 years old and 11.25 among 65 to 74 years old. The prevalence of probing depth ≥ 4 mm and attachment loss > 3 mm were 69.3 and 69.9% in people aged 55–64 years and were 64.6 and 74.2% in people aged 65–74 years. Mean number of teeth with probing depth = 4–5 mm and probing depth ≥ 6 mm were 4.48 and 0.36 in 55–64 age group and 3.70 and 0.33 in 65–74 age group. And mean number of teeth with attachment loss > 3 mm were 5.17 among 55 to 64 years old and 5.63 among 65 to 74 years old. Besides, attachment loss > 3 mm was associated with age, gender, smoking, toothbrushing frequency and toothpick use.

Conclusions

Periodontitis was not highly prevalent among 55- to 74-year-old Chinese adults. Age, gender, smoking, toothbrushing frequency and toothpick use could be risk factors.

Clinical relevance

Scientific rationale for the study: The periodontal conditions among 55 to 64 and 65 to 74 years old Chinese population were not highly serious, but prevalence of bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets and attachment loss should be drawn enough attention by relevant public health administrations.

Principal findings: The prevalence of periodontal diseases was evaluated in 55- to 64-year-old and 65- to 74-year-old subjects in a nationally representative Chinese sample population. The prevalence of probing depth ≥ 4 mm and AL > 3 mm were high; these values were 69.3% and 69.9%, respectively, in the 55–64 age group and 64.6% and 74.2%, respectively, in the 65–74 age group. In addition, case percentage of AL = 4–5 mm combined with PD < 6 mm were 23.1 and 19.4% among 55- to 64-year-old and 65- to 74-year-old people. And case percentage of AL> 5 mm combined with PD ≥ 6 mm were 11.1% and 12.1% among 55- to 64-year-old and 65- to 74-year-old people, respectively.

Practical implications: The present study provides a reference for the epidemiological analysis of periodontal diseases. To reduce widespread inadequate treatment of periodontal diseases, clinical management should be performed in dental practices. Furthermore, oral health recommendations should be made at multiple levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015) World Population Ageing 2015 (ST/ESA/SER.A/390)

  2. Gotfredsen K, Walls AW (2007) What dentition assures oral function? Clin Oral Implants Res 18(Suppl. 3):34–45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE et al (1997) Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000(14):216–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Eltas A, Uslu MO, Eltas SD (2016) Association of oral health-related quality of life with periodontal status and treatment needs. Oral Health Prev Dent 14:339–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. König J, Holtfreter B, Kocher T (2010) Periodontal health in Europe: future trends based on treatment needs and the provision of periodontal services--position paper 1. Eur J Dent Educ 14(Suppl.1):4–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Krustrup U, Petersen PE (2006) Periodontal conditions in 35–44- and 65–74-year-old adults in Denmark. Acta Odontol Scand 64:65–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Aimetti M, Perotto S, Castiglione A, Mariani GM, Ferrarotti F, Romano F (2015) Prevalence of periodontitis in an adult population from an urban area in North Italy: findings from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. J Clin Periodontol 42:622–631

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Genco RJ, CDC Periodontal Disease Surveillance workgroup: James Beck (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA), Gordon Douglass (Past President, American Academy of Periodontology), Roy Page (University of Washin (2012) Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res 91:914–920

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Roberts-Thomson KF (2007) Australia’s dental generations: the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–06. In: Spencer AJ, Roberts-Thomson KF (eds) Slade, G.D. Canberra, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, pp 81–142

    Google Scholar 

  10. Banister J, Bloom DE, Rosenberg L (2012) Population aging and economic growth in China. Palgrave Macmillan UK 93:711–718

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wang HY, Petersen PE, Bian JY, Zhang BX (2002) The second national survey of oral health status of children and adults in China. Int Dent J 52:283–290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Qi XQ (2008) Report of the third National Oral Health Survey of China [in Chinese], 1st edn. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, pp 102–103

    Google Scholar 

  13. Eklund S, Moller IJ, LeClercq MH (1993) Calibration of examiners for oral epidemiological surveys. World Health Organization

  14. World Health Organization (2013) Oral health surveys: basic methods, 5th edn. WHO Press, pp 1–125

  15. Guo J, Ban JH, Li G, Wang X, Feng XP, Tai BJ, Hu Y, Lin HC, Wang B, Si Y, Wang CX, Rong WS, Wang WJ, Zheng SG, Liu XN, Wang SC (2018) Status of tooth loss and denture restoration in Chinese adult population: findings from the 4th national oral health survey. Chin J Dent Res 21:249–257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Han K, Park JB (2017) Association between oral health behavior and periodontal disease among Korean adults: the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 96:e6176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cao CF (2013) Prevalence of periodontal diseases and dental caries in China: re-analysis of the data from the third National Epidemiological Survey on Oral health [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 48:257–259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Suominen-Taipale L, Nordblad A, Vehkalahti M et al (2008) Oral health in the Finnish adult population. Publications of the National Public Health Institute URL http://www.ktl.fi/attachments/suomi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja_b/2008/2008b25.pdf. Accessed on 15 September 2018

  19. Sekhon TS, Grewal S, Gambhir RS (2015) Periodontal health status and treatment needs of the rural population of India: a cross-sectional study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 6:111–115

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Bourgeois D, Bouchard P, Mattout C (2007) Epidemiology of periodontal status in dentate adults in France, 2002-2003. J Periodontal Res 42:219–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bravo Pérez M, Casals Peidró E, Cortés Martinicorena FJ et al (2006) Encuesta de salud oral en España 2005. RCOE 11:409–456

    Google Scholar 

  22. Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, Mealey BL, Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Tonetti MS (2018) A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol 89(Suppl. 1):S1–S8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang QT, Wu ZF, Wu YF, Shu R, Pan YP, Xia JL (2007) Epidemiology and preventive direction of periodontology in China. J Clin Periodontol 34:946–951

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Eke PI, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Borrell LN, Borgnakke WS, Dye B, Genco RJ (2016) Risk indicators for periodontitis in US adults: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol 87:1174–1185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hermann P, Gera I, Borbély J, Fejérdy P, Madléna M (2009) Periodontal health of an adult population in Hungary: findings of a national survey. J Clin Periodontol 36:449–457

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nimali W, Lilani E (2016) Association between chronic periodontitis and oral health-related quality of life in Sri Lankan adults. Int Dent J 66:337–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Brennan DS, Spencer AJ, Slade GD (2001) Prevalence of periodontal conditions among public-funded dental patients in Australia. Aust Dent J 46:114–121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lorenzo SM, Alvarez R, Andrade E, Piccardo V, Francia A, Massa F, Correa MB, Peres MA (2015) Periodontal conditions and associated factors among adults and the elderly: findings from the first National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay. Cad Saude Publica 31:2425–2436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Furuta M, Ekuni D, Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Ogura T, Morita M (2011) Sex differences in gingivitis relate to interaction of oral health behaviors in young people. J Periodontol 82:558–565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years—United States, 2005-2010. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60:1207–1212

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kebschull M, Demmer RT, Grün B, Guarnieri P, Pavlidis P, Papapanou PN (2014) Gingival tissue transcriptomes identify distinct periodontitis phenotypes. J Dent Res 93:459–468

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Axelsson P (1993) Mechanical plaque control. In: Lang NP, Karring T (eds) Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop on Periodontology. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, London, pp 219–243

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lang NP, Ronis DL, Farghaly MM (1995) Preventive behaviours ascorrelates of periodontal health status. J Public Health Dent 55:10–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Mamai-Homata E, Polychronopoulou A, Topitsoglou V, Oulis C, Athanassouli T (2010) Periodontal diseases in Greek adults between 1985 and 2005--risk indicators. Int Dent J 60:293–299

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lai H, Su CW, Yen AM et al (2015) A prediction model for periodontal disease: modelling and validation from a National Survey of 4061 Taiwanese adults. J Clin Periodontol 42:413–421

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS (2018) Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol 89(Suppl. 1):S159–S172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Jang AY, Lee JK, Shin JY, Lee HY (2016) Association between smoking and periodontal disease in Korean adults: the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010 and 2012). Korean J Fam Med 37:117–122

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Tanner T, Päkkilä J, Karjalainen K, Kämppi A, Järvelin MR, Patinen P, Tjäderhane L, Anttonen V (2015) Smoking, alcohol use, socioeconomic background and oral health among young Finnish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 43:406–414

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sutton JD, Salas-Martinez ML, Gerkovich MM (2017) Environmental tobacco smoke and periodontitis in United States non-smokers, 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol 88:565–574

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Chun Xiao Wang is gratefully acknowledged for providing expert statistical advice.

Funding

This study was supported by the “Scientific Research Fund of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (201502002).”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, China

    Haoyun Sun, Minquan Du, Baojun Tai, Shuli Chang, Yixuan Wang & Han Jiang

Authors
  1. Haoyun Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Minquan Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Baojun Tai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shuli Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yixuan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Han Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Han Jiang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chinese Stomatological Association (Approval no. 2014–003).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sun, H., Du, M., Tai, B. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of periodontal conditions among 55- to 74-year-old adults in China: results from the 4th National Oral Health Survey. Clin Oral Invest 24, 4403–4412 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03306-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03306-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation