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Characterization and effect of nanocomplexed fluoride solutions on the inhibition of enamel demineralization created by a multispecies cariogenic biofilm model

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro caries preventive effect of nanocomplexed solutions of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin associated with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after different complexation times (12 or 72 h).

Materials and methods

Enamel blocks were randomly distributed in 9 groups (n = 11): negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, TiF4, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (positive control). The solutions were applied for 1 min and the blocks were exposed to a biofilm model. Nanocompounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SML), mineral density changes (ΔZ), lesion depth, surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy—SEM), and chemical characterization (energy-dispersive spectroscopy—EDS) were assessed.

Results

No oxidation was observed, and the formation of the nanocomplexes was evidenced by changes in the melting point compared to pure cyclodextrins and the loss of crystallinity of the materials. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h resulted in lower %SML than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, and TiF4 (p < 0.05). NaF differed from all groups (p < 0.05), except for hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h (p = 0.83). ΔZ of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h was higher than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 1 2 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (p < 0.05) and similar to TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h (p > 0.05). SEM/EDS detected Ti in the blocks subjected to TiF4-products.

Conclusion

The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h solution showed caries preventive effect on the surface and subsurface of the enamel.

Clinical relevance

A hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanosystem, in association with TiF4 after 72 h of complexation, may be a promising agent for the prevention of enamel demineralization.

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Funding

This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ (No. E-26/202.924/2017) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq (No. 303535/2016–4). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES)—Finance code 001. This study is part of the PhD thesis of the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Thiago I. Vieira, Adílis K. Alexandria, Aline de A. Neves & Lucianne C. Maia

  2. School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Jaqueline C. V. Menezes, Lilian H. do Amaral & Lúcio M. Cabral

  3. Laboratory for Nuclear Instrumentation, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Thaís M. P. dos Santos & Ricardo T. Lopes

  4. Clinical Lecturer in Paediatric Dentistry, King’s College London, London, UK

    Aline de A. Neves

  5. Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

    Ana M. G. Valença

Authors
  1. Thiago I. Vieira
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  2. Adílis K. Alexandria
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  3. Jaqueline C. V. Menezes
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  4. Lilian H. do Amaral
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  6. Aline de A. Neves
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  8. Lúcio M. Cabral
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  9. Ana M. G. Valença
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  10. Lucianne C. Maia
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Contributions

T.I.V., A.K.A., A.M.G.V., and L.C.M. conceptualized and designed the study, collected and analyzed data, drafted the initial manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. J.C.V.M., L.H.A., and L.M.C. prepared and characterized the novel nanocomplexes, conceptualized the study, critically reviewed, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. T.M.P.S., A.A.N., and R.T.L. collected and analyzed micro-CT data, critically reviewed, and approved the final manuscript as submitted.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lucianne C. Maia.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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No ethical approval was required for this study, as human samples were not identified.

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For this type of study, informed consent to conduct the experiments outlined in this study was not required.

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Figure S1

Microbial adhesion on the enamel surface after 48h-biofilm exposure in vitro. (PNG 67 kb)

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Vieira, T.I., Alexandria, A.K., Menezes, J.C.V. et al. Characterization and effect of nanocomplexed fluoride solutions on the inhibition of enamel demineralization created by a multispecies cariogenic biofilm model. Clin Oral Invest 24, 3947–3959 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03261-0

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