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Depression and anxiety levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: comparison with the general population

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare levels of depression and anxiety of a group of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to the general population.

Materials and methods

Diagnosis of orofacial pain attributed to a TMD was given according the DC/TMD classification system. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to respectively screen for depression and anxiety. Scores of these two questionnaires in the study group were compared to the scores of two large population samples representing normative data in the general population.

Results

Two hundred forty-three patients (191 females and 52 males) were included in the study. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square testing showed statistically significant higher scores (p ≤ 0.05) for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in the study group in comparison with the general population and PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were strongly correlated.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that screening for depression and anxiety should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a TMD.

Clinical relevance

PHQ-9 and GAD-7 could be used to assist clinicians, without specific training in mental health, to screen for potential signs of existing comorbidity of depression or anxiety disorders in patients with orofacial pain attributed to TMD.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University.

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Author notes

  1. Louis Simoen and Linda Van den Berghe contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre of Special Care in Dentistry, Unit Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Louis Simoen & Linda Van den Berghe

  2. Department of Oral Health Sciences ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium

    Wolfgang Jacquet

  3. Department of Educational Science EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Wolfgang Jacquet

  4. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre of Special Care in Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital , Corneel Heymanslaan 10, P8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Luc Marks

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  1. Louis Simoen
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  2. Linda Van den Berghe
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Correspondence to Louis Simoen.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Simoen, L., Van den Berghe, L., Jacquet, W. et al. Depression and anxiety levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: comparison with the general population. Clin Oral Invest 24, 3939–3945 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03260-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03260-1

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