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Evaluation of a novel dog animal model for peri-implant disease: clinical, radiographic, microbiological and histological assessment

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Abstract

Objective

To assess longitudinal peri-implant tissue evaluation in a plaque compromised ligature free dog model, clinically, radiographically, microbiologically and histologically.

Materials and methods

Six beagle mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted. Plaque accumulated for 16 weeks. Two implants were placed per hemi-mandible. For 17 weeks, control implants (CI) in one hemi-mandible were brushed daily; test implants (TI) in the other were not. These parameters were then assessed: clinically, probing depth (PD), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), presence of plaque (PP) and clinical attachment level (CAL); radiographically, marginal bone level; microbiologically, counts for Streptococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and total bacterial load. At week 17, histomorphometric analysis was performed (MM-ISH (mucosal margin–implant shoulder); ISH-fBIC (implant shoulder–first bone-to-implant contact); MM-aJE (mucosal margin–apical area junctional epithelium); MM-aINF (mucosal margin–apical limit of the inflammatory infiltrate); %INF (percentage of inflammatory infiltrate)).

Results

At week 17, TI had significant increased PD, BOP, PP and CAL versus baseline. All clinical variables presented intergroup differences. There was no intergroup difference for radiographic bone loss (p > 0.05). Total bacteria, Fusobacterium spp., A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis had intergroup differences. There was no statistically significant intergroup difference for ISH-fBIC.

Conclusions

Longitudinal microbiology evaluation detected a shift period. Final intergroup microbiological differences were the basis of W17 clinical intergroup differences, with higher values in TI. Microbiological and clinical changes detected in peri-implant tissues were compatible with onset of peri-implant disease. Despite histological inflammatory intergroup difference, no histological or radiographic intergroup bone loss was detected.

Clinical relevance

This study set-up describes a valuable method for generating “true” early peri-implant defects without mechanical trauma.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Dr. Philipp Sahrmann (Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich) for his contribution to this study.

Funding

The work was supported by Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    Orlando Martins & Isabel Poiares Baptista

  2. Institute of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Carlos Ramos

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    Marta Mota, Célia Nogueira & Teresa Gonçalves

  4. Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    Marta Mota, Célia Nogueira & Teresa Gonçalves

  5. Department of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Michel Dard

  6. School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Carlos Viegas

  7. Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal

    Francisco Caramelo

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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Orlando Martins.

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Conflict of interest

Orlando Martins declares that he has no conflict of interest. João Carlos Ramos declares that he has no conflict of interest. Marta Mota declares that she has no conflict of interest. Michel Dard is the Global Medical Director at Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland. Carlos Viegas declares that he has no conflict of interest. Francisco Caramelo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Célia Nogueira declares that she has no conflict of interest. Teresa Gonçalves declares that she has no conflict of interest. Isabel Poiares Baptista declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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Martins, O., Ramos, J.C., Mota, M. et al. Evaluation of a novel dog animal model for peri-implant disease: clinical, radiographic, microbiological and histological assessment. Clin Oral Invest 24, 3121–3132 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03186-3

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