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Ex vivo histological analysis of the thermal effects created by a 445-nm diode laser in oral soft tissue biopsy

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the histological effects of 445-nm diode laser (Eltech K-Laser srl, Treviso, Italy), during an oral soft tissue biopsy.

Materials and methods

Thirty samples from pig cadaver tongues were obtained, through five laser settings, in continuous and pulsed wave (CW and PW). Samples were divided into six groups of five pieces each. A control specimen was taken by a scalpel. All samples were examined with an optical microscope by a blinded pathologist. Thermal effects on epithelium and connective tissues were measured with LAS 4.8 software. Finally, a statistical evaluation was made using GraphPadPrism 7.0 software.

Results

All specimens, except one, showed a damage lower than 1 mm. Readability was always optimal; there was a different thermal effect between epithelial and connective tissue and in CW and PW samples, confirmed by statistical analysis too.

Conclusions

A 445-nm diode laser creates a minimum thermal effect, that has no implications in the histological evaluation of benign lesions. In suspicious lesions, a safety margin of 1 mm, compared with a scalpel, is preferable.

Clinical relevance

A 445-nm diode laser has excellent surgical properties and can manage many arduous clinical cases, such as vascularized lesions. In the excision of suspected lesions, it is necessary to compare, case by case, clinical advantages to possible histological implications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, Rome, Italy

    Gaspare Palaia, Alessandra Impellizzeri, Gianluca Tenore, Federico Caporali, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Gabriella Galluccio, Antonella Polimeni & Umberto Romeo

  2. Department of Cytology and Cellular Diagnostics, Regina Elena Institute, Rome, Italy

    Paolo Visca

Authors
  1. Gaspare Palaia
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  2. Alessandra Impellizzeri
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  3. Gianluca Tenore
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  4. Federico Caporali
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  5. Paolo Visca
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  6. Alessandro Del Vecchio
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  7. Gabriella Galluccio
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  8. Antonella Polimeni
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  9. Umberto Romeo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gaspare Palaia.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The study was performed ex vivo using pig cadaver tongues, deceased within 24 h, purchased at the butcher’s.

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For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Palaia, G., Impellizzeri, A., Tenore, G. et al. Ex vivo histological analysis of the thermal effects created by a 445-nm diode laser in oral soft tissue biopsy. Clin Oral Invest 24, 2645–2652 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03123-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03123-4

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