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Different polishing methods for zirconia: impact on surface, optical, and mechanical properties

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Abstract

Objectives

To test the impact of polishing strategies on zirconia properties.

Materials and methods

One hundred eight zirconia specimens were divided into nine groups (n = 12/group). Seven groups were polished in the white-stage with either (1) a felt wheel (FW), (2) a felt wheel combined with a polishing paste (FWP), (3) a goat hair brush (GB), (4) a goat hair brush combined with a polishing paste (GBP), (5) a green-state finishing kit (FK), (6) a universal polisher (UP), or (7) with SiC polishing paper (PP), and sintered. Thereafter, the seven groups were divided into two subgroups each and polished using (1) a fine polisher (one-step, n = 6) or (2) a rough and fine polisher (two-steps, n = 6). The positive control group (polish-lab-kit, PLK) was sintered and polished in two-steps. The no polished group (NP) acted as negative control group. Translucency (T%) was measured after white-stage polishing and sintering, and after sintered-stage polishing. Surface free energy (SFE), surface roughness (SR), and flexural strength (FS) were determined. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey-B post-hoc, t test, and Wilcoxon-test (p < 0.05).

Results

FWP, GB, FK, UP, and PP presented decreased T% after one-step, while FWP, GB, GBP, FK, and UP presented decreased T% following two-steps polishing. FW showed the highest T% after white-stage, one-, and two-steps polishing. PP presented the lowest SFE. Two-steps polishing resulted in a lower SR for FW, FWP, GB, FK, UP, and PP and increased FS in all groups.

Conclusions

White-stage polishing improved zirconia properties. Two-steps polishing in the sintered stage, especially when combined with a polishing paste, can decrease SR and increase T% and FS.

Clinical relevance

With polishing in the sintered-stage impairing the polishing material and being time consuming, alternatives such as white-stage polishing should be investigated.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Amann Girrbach for providing the material.

Funding

This research was partially supported by research grant ZF4052004AG (AiF Projekt GmbH, Berlin, Germany, ZIM-Kooperationsprojekte, Projektträger des BMWi).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Regina Pfefferle, Nina Lümkemann, Felicitas Wiedenmann & Bogna Stawarczyk

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  1. Regina Pfefferle
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  2. Nina Lümkemann
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Correspondence to Felicitas Wiedenmann.

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Pfefferle, R., Lümkemann, N., Wiedenmann, F. et al. Different polishing methods for zirconia: impact on surface, optical, and mechanical properties. Clin Oral Invest 24, 395–403 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02953-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02953-6

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