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Nuclear morphological changes in gingival epithelial cells of patients with periodontitis

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Abstract

Objectives

This study assessed the frequency of nuclear morphological changes in gingival epithelial cells, as a biomarker for DNA damage, in individuals with periodontitis, before and after implementation of periodontal therapy, and compared the morphology to those with healthy periodontal tissues.

Materials and methods

Exfoliated gingival cells were taken from 30 participants without periodontal destruction in any teeth and 30 participants with periodontitis before and after 45 and 90 days following treatment. Nuclear morphological changes were analyzed using the micronucleus test.

Results

Compared with the healthy volunteers, those with periodontitis had a significant increase in the number of cells with nuclear broken eggs (P = 0.048), condensed chromatin (P = 0.015), karyolysis (P < 0.001), or binuclei (P < 0.001). In the periodontitis group, the pretreatment frequencies of cells with micronuclei (P = 0.008), binuclei (P < 0.001), karyolysis (P = 0.038), nuclear buds (P = 0.005), and condensed chromatin (P = 0.015) were significantly higher than 90 days after treatment.

Conclusion

Our observations suggest that periodontal disease increases the frequency of nuclear morphological changes in gingival epithelial cells and that the implementation of periodontal therapy was associated with a reduction of that number.

Clinical relevance

The micronucleus test could serve as a tool for estimating genotoxic damage in assessing the success of periodontal therapy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Elizabeth Wager for the valuable comments and proofreading of the manuscript.

Consent to submit the manuscript and contribution

Consent to submit has been received from all authors. All authors contributed to data analysis, writing of this article, and approval of the final version for publication. R M also provided to data collection. G L also contributed to interpretation of data, while T A and Z D also contributed to the conception and design of the study.

Funding source

This study was supported by the School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia

    Antonija Tadin

  2. Department for Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

    Lidia Gavic & Marija Roguljic

  3. Department for Oral Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia

    Daniel Jerkovic

  4. Division for Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia

    Davor Zeljezic

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  1. Antonija Tadin
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Correspondence to Antonija Tadin.

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The protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the University’s Ethical Committee (Ethics ID No: 2181-198-03-04-15-0022). The study was conducted by the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Tadin, A., Gavic, L., Roguljic, M. et al. Nuclear morphological changes in gingival epithelial cells of patients with periodontitis. Clin Oral Invest 23, 3749–3757 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02803-5

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