Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of two disinfection/sterilization methods on the permeability of dentin specimens.
Materials and methods
Forty intact human third molars were freshly extracted and cut, close to the pulp chamber, into dentin disks with a 500-μm thickness. The disks were randomized (n = 20 each) into a 70% ethanol group (acid-etched dentin disks soaked in 70% ethanol for 15 min) and a steam autoclaving group (acid-etched dentin disks autoclaved for 25 min). The permeability (Lp) of each dentin disk was measured before and after either treatment using a hydraulic device, and intra- and inter-group differences in values before and after treatment were analyzed using t tests. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs of the dentin surface were acquired and examined. FE-SEM samples were prepared using the critical point drying (CPD) method.
Results
Immersion in 70% ethanol increased the Lp values of dentin specimens by 17%, which was not statistically significant. Steam autoclaving significantly reduced dentin permeability by 66% because the dentin collagen mesh became compact and collapsed, as detected by FE-SEM.
Conclusions
The disinfection of acid-etched dentin disks using 70% ethanol for 15 min does not significantly affect dentin permeability, whereas sterilization of acid-etched dentin disks via autoclaving significantly reduces dentin permeability.
Clinical relevance
Considering the influences of dentin permeability by disinfection/sterilization methods, the disinfection of the acid-etched dentin disks using 70% ethanol for 15 min could be used for the study related to dentin permeability, while the sterilization of autoclaving could not.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kim SY, Ferracane J, Kim HY, Lee IB (2010) Real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow during amalgam and composite restoration. J Dent 38:343–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.12.008.
Rusin RP, Agee K, Suchko M, Pashley DH (2010) Effect of a new liner/base on human dentin permeability. J Dent 38:245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.11.004.
Wang Z, Sa Y, Sauro S, Chen H, Xing W, Ma X, Jiang T, Wang Y (2010) Effect of desensitising toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion: a dentine permeability measurement and SEM in vitro study. J Dent 38:400–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.01.007.
Liu X, Barnes V, DeVizio W, Yang H, Malmstrom H, Ren Y (2011) Effects of dentin tubule occlusion by dentifrice containing a PVM/MA bioadhesive copolymer in a silica base. J Dent 39:293–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.10.016.
Komabayashi T, Imai Y, Ahn C, Chow LC, Takagi S (2010) Dentin permeability reduction by a sequential application of calcium and fluoride-phosphate solutions. J Dent 38:736–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.019
Pashley DH (1988) Consideration of dentine permeability in cytotoxicity testing. Int Endod J 21:143–154
Jiang RD, Lin H, Zheng G, Zhang XM, Du Q, Yang M (2017) In vitro dentin barrier cytotoxicity testing of some dental restorative materials. J Dent 58:28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2017.01.003.
Porto IC, Oliveira DC, Raele RA, Ribas KH, Montes MA, De Castro CM (2011) Cytotoxicity of current adhesive systems: in vitro testing on cell cultures of primary murine macrophages. Dent Mater 27:221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.006.
Ozok AR, Wu MK, Wesselink PR (2002) Comparison of the in vitro permeability of human dentine according to the dentinal region and the composition of the simulated dentinal fluid. J Dent 30:107–111
Elgalaid TO, Creanor SL, Creanor S, Hall AF (2008) The repeatability of human dentine permeability measurement in vitro. J Dent 36:42–48
Sandhu SV, Tiwari R, Bhullar RK, Bansal H, Bhandari R, Kakkar T, Bhusri R (2012) Sterilization of extracted human teeth: a comparative analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2:170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2012.09.002.
Schmalz G, Schuster U, Nuetzel K, Schweikl H (1999) An in vitro pulp chamber with three-dimensional cell cultures. J Endod 25:24–29
Pashley EL, Tao L, Pashley DH (1993) Sterilization of human teeth: its effect on permeability and bond strength. Am J Dent 6:189–191
Schuster U, Schmalz G, Thonemann B, Mendel N, Metzl C (2001) Cytotoxicity testing with three-dimensional cultures of transfected pulp-derived cells. J Endod 27:259–265
Galler K, Hiller KA, Ettl T, Schmalz G (2005) Selective influence of dentin thickness upon cytotoxicity of dentin contacting materials. J Endod 31:396–399
Goodis HE, Marshall GJ, White JM, Gee L, Hornberger B, Marshall SJ (1993) Storage effects on dentin permeability and shear bond strengths. Dent Mater 9:79–84
Strawn SE, White JM, Marshall GW, Gee L, Goodis HE, Marshall SJ (1996) Spectroscopic changes in human dentine exposed to various storage solutions—short term. J Dent 24:417–423
Tate WH, White RR (1991) Disinfection of human teeth for educational purposes. J Dent Educ 55:583–585
Haller B, Hofmann N, Klaiber B, Bloching U (1993) Effect of storage media on microleakage of five dentin bonding agents. Dent Mater 9:191–197
White JM, Goodis HE, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW (1994) Sterilization of teeth by gamma radiation. J Dent Res 73:1560–1567
Watanabe LG, Marshall GW Jr, Marshall SJ (1996) Dentin shear strength: effects of tubule orientation and intratooth location. Dent Mater 12:109–115
International Organization for Standardization (2008) ISO 7405: 2008 Dentistry—evaluation of biocompatibility of medical devices used in dentistry, ISO, Geneva. http://www.iso.org/iso/store.htm. Accessed 1 January 2017
Schmalz G, Schuster U, Koch A, Schweikl H (2002) Cytotoxicity of low pH dentin-bonding agents in a dentin barrier test in vitro. J Endod 28:188–192
Schmalz G, Garhammer P, Schweiki H (1996) A commercially available cell culture device modified for dentin barrier tests. J Endod 22:249–252
Outhwaite WC, McKenzie DM, Pashley DH (1974) A versatile split-chamber device for studying dentin permeability. J Dent Res 53:1503
Pashley DH, Leibach JG, Horner JA (1987) The effects of burnishing NaF/kaolin/glycerin paste on dentin permeability. J Periodontol 58:19–23
Dominici JT, Eleazer PD, Clark SJ, Staat RH, Scheetz JP (2001) Disinfection/sterilization of extracted teeth for dental student use. J Dent Educ 65:1278–1280
Soares LE, Brugnera A Jr, Zanin FA, Santo AM, Martin AA (2011) Effects of heating by steam autoclaving and Er:YAG laser etching on dentin components. Lasers Med Sci 26:605–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-010-0814-9.
Goodis HE, Marshall GW Jr, White JM (1991) The effects of storage after extraction of the teeth on human dentine permeability in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 36:561–566
Parsell DE, Stewart BM, Barker JR, Nick TG, Karns L, Johnson RB (1998) The effect of steam sterilization on the physical properties and perceived cutting characteristics of extracted teeth. J Dent Educ 62:260–263
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank all of the donors of the extracted teeth.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan (grant number 2012BA122B03).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
For this type of study, formal consent is not required.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, R., Xu, Y. & Lin, H. Effects of two disinfection/sterilization methods for dentin specimens on dentin permeability. Clin Oral Invest 23, 899–904 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2513-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2513-z