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Niobium pentoxide as radiopacifying agent of calcium silicate-based material: evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties

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Abstract

Objectives

The physicochemical properties and the tissue reaction promoted by microparticulated or nanoparticulated niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) added to calcium silicate-based cement (CS), compared to MTA-Angelus™, were evaluated.

Materials and methods

Materials were submitted to the tests of radiopacity, setting time, pH, and calcium ion release. Polyethylene tubes filled with the materials were implanted into rats subcutaneously. After 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the specimens were fixed and embedded in paraffin. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E)-stained sections were used to compute the number of inflammatory cells (IC). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) detection was performed, and the number of immunolabeled cells was obtained; von Kossa method was also carried out. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

Nb2O5micro and Nb2O5nano provided to the CS radiopacity values (3.52 and 3.75 mm Al, respectively) superior to the minimum recommended. Groups containing Nb2O5 presented initial setting time significantly superior than mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). All materials presented an alkaline pH and released calcium ions. The number of IC and IL-6 immunolabeled cells in the CS + Nb2O5 groups was significantly reduced in comparison to MTA in all periods. von Kossa-positive structures were observed adjacent to implanted materials in all periods.

Conclusions

The addition of Nb2O5 to the CS resulted in a material biocompatible and with adequate characteristics regarding radiopacity and final setting time and provides an alkaline pH to the environment. Furthermore, the particle size did not significantly affect the physicochemical and biological properties of the calcium silicate-based cement.

Clinical relevance

Niobium pentoxide can be used as radiopacifier for the development of calcium silicate-based materials.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Pedro Sérgio Simões and Mr. Luis Antonio Potenza for the kind help and technical assistance. This research was supported by FUNDUNESP (Proc. n° 01054/11-DFP), CNPq (Brazil) and CAPES (Brazil).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Dental School, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Guilherme F. Silva, Mário Tanomaru-Filho & Juliane M. Guerreiro-Tanomaru

  2. Physics Institute of São Carlos, Grupo Crescimento de Cristais e Materiais Cerâmicos, University of São Paulo-USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Maria I. B. Bernardi

  3. Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Dental School, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Paulo S. Cerri

  4. Department of Morphology-Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Dental School, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Centro, CEP, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Paulo S. Cerri

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  1. Guilherme F. Silva
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  2. Mário Tanomaru-Filho
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  3. Maria I. B. Bernardi
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  4. Juliane M. Guerreiro-Tanomaru
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  5. Paulo S. Cerri
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Correspondence to Paulo S. Cerri.

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Silva, G.F., Tanomaru-Filho, M., Bernardi, M.I.B. et al. Niobium pentoxide as radiopacifying agent of calcium silicate-based material: evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties. Clin Oral Invest 19, 2015–2025 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1412-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1412-9

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