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Role of implant diameter on long-term survival of dental implants placed in posterior maxilla: a systematic review

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Abstract

Objective

We speculated that the long-term survival of narrow or conventional diameter (<5 mm) implants is higher than that of wide-diameter implants (≥5 mm) when placed in posterior atrophic maxillae. The aim of this paper was to systematically review indexed literature regarding the influence of implant diameter on long-term survival of dental implants placed in posterior maxilla.

Materials and methods

The addressed focused question was “Does implant diameter influence long-term survival of dental implants placed in posterior maxilla?” Databases were searched from 1986 till June 2014 using the following MeSH terms: “dental implants,” “dental implant-abutment design,” “maxilla,” and “survival.” Review articles, case reports, letters to the editor, unpublished data, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Reference list of potentially relevant original and review studies was hand-searched.

Results

The initial search yielded 51 studies. Scrutiny of the titles and abstracts reduced the number of clinical studies included in the present review to 19. Mean age of the patients ranged between 37 and 60 years. Cylindrical and tapered implants were used in 12 and 3 studies, respectively. In all studies, threaded, rough-surfaced dental implants with diameters ranging between 3.0 and 5.5 mm were used. In all studies, follow-up periods and cumulative survival rates ranged between 5 and 15 years and 80.5 and 100 %, respectively.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

The role of implant diameter on long-term survival of dental implants placed in posterior maxilla is secondary. A well-designed surgical protocol, achievement of sufficient primary stability at the time of implant placement, and pre- and postsurgical oral hygiene maintenance visits are critical factors that influence the long-term survival of dental implants placed in posterior atrophic maxilla.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict/s of interest related to the present study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eng. A.B.. Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Fawad Javed

  2. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Georgios E. Romanos

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  1. Fawad Javed
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Correspondence to Georgios E. Romanos.

Appendix A: List of excluded studies (Reason for exclusion is shown in parenthesis)

Appendix A: List of excluded studies (Reason for exclusion is shown in parenthesis)

Agliardi EL, Francetti L, Romeo D, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M (2008) Immediate loading in the fully edentulous maxilla without bone grafting: the V-II-V technique. Minerva Stomatol 57:251–259, 259–263. (Short term results)

Anitua E, Orive G (2010) Short implants in maxillae and mandibles: a retrospective study with 1 to 8 years of follow-up. J Periodontol 81:819–826. (Short term results)

Balshe AA, Eckert SE, Koka S, Assad DA, Weaver AL (2008) The effects of smoking on the survival of smooth- and rough-surface dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 23:1117–1122. (Focused question not answered)

Becker W, Becker BE, Alsuwyed A, Al-Mubarak S (1999) Long-term evaluation of 282 implants in maxillary and mandibular molar positions: a prospective study. J Periodontol 70:896–901. (Short term results)

Block MS, Kent JN (1993) Maxillary sinus grafting for totally and partially edentulous patients. J Am Dent Assoc 124:139–143. (Review article)

Buddula A, Assad DA, Salinas TJ, Garces YI (2011) Survival of dental implants in native and grafted bone in irradiated head and neck cancer patients: a retrospective analysis. Indian J Dent Res 22:644–648. (Implant location in maxilla was unclear)

Choi SY, Jang YJ, Choi JY, Jeong JH, Kwon TG (2013) Histomorphometric analysis of sinus augmentation using bovine bone mineral with two different resorbable membranes. Clin Oral Implants Res 24 Suppl A100:68–74. (Short term results)

Cooper LF, Pin-Harry OC (2013) "Rules of Six"--diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for single-tooth implant success. Compend Contin Educ Dent 34:94–98, 100–1; quiz 102, 117 (Review).

Corbella S, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M (2013) Long-term outcomes for the treatment of atrophic posterior maxilla: A systematic review of literature. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res May 8. doi:10.1111/cid.12077. (Review)

Del Fabbro M, Rosano G, Taschieri S (2008) Implant survival rates after maxillary sinus augmentation. Eur J Oral Sci 116:497–506. (Review)

Di P, Lin Y, Luo J, Cui HY, Yu HY et al (2012) Effect of provisional restoration on shaping the contour of the soft tissue during maxillary single tooth implant procedure. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao 44:59–64 (Article in Chinese).

Doan N, Du Z, Crawford R, Reher P, Xiao Y (2012) Is flapless implant surgery a viable option in posterior maxilla? A review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41:1064–1071. (Review)

Esposito M, Cannizzaro G, Soardi E, Pistilli R, Piattelli M et al (2012) Posterior atrophic jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 6 mm-long, 4 mm-wide implants or by longer implants in augmented bone. Preliminary results from a pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 5:19–33. (Short term results)

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Jin PY, Lin Y, Qiu LX, Li JH (2005) Retrospective analysis of maxillary sinus augmentation for endosseous implants. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 40:441–444. (Article in Chinese)

Kanno T, Mitsugi M, Paeng JY, Sukegawa S, Furuki Y et al (2012) Simultaneous sinus lifting and alveolar distraction of a severely atrophic posterior maxilla for oral rehabilitation with dental implants. Int J Dent 2012:471320. (Short term results)

Lang NP, Pun L, Lau KY, Li KY, Wong MC (2012) A systematic review on survival and success rates of implants placed immediately into fresh extraction sockets after at least 1 year. Clin Oral Implants Res 23 Suppl 5:39–66. (Review article)

Maiorana C, Sigurtà D, Mirandola A, Garlini G, Santoro F (2005) Bone resorption around dental implants placed in grafted sinuses: clinical and radiologic follow-up after up to 4 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 20:261–266. (Short term results)

Migliorança RM, Coppedê A, Dias Rezende RC, de Mayo T (2011) Restoration of the edentulous maxilla using extrasinus zygomatic implants combined with anterior conventional implants: a retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 26:665–672. (Short term results) Romanos GE, Nentwig GH (2009) Immediate functional loading in the maxilla using implants with platform switching: five-year results. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 24:1106–1112. (Short term results)

Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Duyck J, Quirynen M, Jacobs R (2000) Biologic outcome of single-implant restorations as tooth replacements: a long-term follow-up study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2:209–218. (Short term results)

Nedir R, Bischof M, Vazquez L, Nurdin N, Szmukler-Moncler S (2009) Osteotome sinus floor elevation technique without grafting material: 3-year results of a prospective pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 20:701–707. (Short term results)

Nevins M, Langer B (1993) The successful application of osseointegrated implants to the posterior jaw: a long-term retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 8:428–432. (Focused question not answered)

Olson JW, Dent CD, Morris HF, Ochi S (2000) Long-term assessment (5 to 71 months) of endosseous dental implants placed in the augmented maxillary sinus. Ann Periodontol 5:152–156. (Short term results)

Palarie V, Bicer C, Lehmann KM, Zahalka M, Draenert FG et al (2012) Early outcome of an implant system with a resorbable adhesive calcium-phosphate coating--a prospective clinical study in partially dentate patients. Clin Oral Investig 16:1039–1048. (Short term results)

Rokn A, Ghahroudi AR, Hemati S, Soolari A (2011) Comparison of peri-implant bone loss and survival of maxillary intrasinus and extrasinus implants after 2 years. J Dent (Tehran) 8:130–137. (Short term results)

Romanos GE (2004) Present status of immediate loading of oral implants. J Oral Implantol 30:189–197. (Review article)

Romanos GE, May S, May D (2014) Implant-supporting telescopic maxillary prostheses and immediate loading. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 16:412–418.

Romanos GE, Nentwig GH (2008) Immediate loading using cross-arch fixed restorations in heavy smokers: nine consecutive case reports for edentulous arches. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 23:513–519. (Short term results)

Shatkin TE, Shatkin S, Oppenheimer BD, Oppenheimer AJ (2007) Mini dental implants for long-term fixed and removable prosthetics: a retrospective analysis of 2514 implants placed over a five-year period. Compend Contin Educ Dent 28:92–99; quiz 100–101. (Short term results)

Trisi P, Lazzara R, Rebaudi A, Rao W, Testori T et al (2003) Bone-implant contact on machined and dual acid-etched surfaces after 2 months of healing in the human maxilla. J Periodontol 74:945–956. (Short term results)

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Javed, F., Romanos, G.E. Role of implant diameter on long-term survival of dental implants placed in posterior maxilla: a systematic review. Clin Oral Invest 19, 1–10 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1333-z

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