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Multitechnique characterization of CPTi surfaces after electro discharge machining (EDM)

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to comparatively assess the surface roughness parameters, the hardness, and the elemental and molecular alterations induced on CPTi surfaces after conventional finishing and finishing with electro discharge machining (EDM).

Materials and methods

A completed cast model of an arch that received four implants was used for the preparation of two grade II CPTi castings. One framework was conventionally finished (CF), whereas the other was subjected to EDM finishing. The surface morphology was imaged employing SEM. 3D surface parameters (S a, S q, S z, S ds, S dr, and S ci) were calculated by optical profilometry. The elemental composition of the treated surfaces was determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, whereas the elemental and chemical states of the outmost layer were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. Surface hardness was also tested with a Knoop indenter. The results of surface roughness parameters, elemental analysis, and hardness were compared using unpaired t test (a = 0.05).

Results

The EDM group demonstrated a rougher surface, with a significant uptake of C and Cu. The CF surface mainly consisted of TiO2. On EDM surface though, Ti was probed in different chemicals states (TiO2, Ti2O3, TiC and metallic Ti) and Cu was traced as Cu2O and CuO. Hardness after EDM was almost ten times higher than CF.

Conclusions

EDM significantly affected surface roughness, chemical state, and hardness properties of grade II CPTi castings in comparison with CF.

Clinical relevance

The morphological and elemental alterations of EDM-treated CPTi surfaces may strongly contribute to the reduced corrosion resistance documented for this procedure. The degradation of electrochemical properties may have further biological implications through ionic release in the oral environment.

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Acknowledgments

This study has been funded by a research grant (RGP-VPP-206) from the Research Group Program, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Thivon 2, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Spiros Zinelis & George Eliades

  2. Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Spiros Zinelis & Youssef S. Al Jabbari

  3. School of Physics and Astronomy, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Andrew Thomas

  4. Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Nick Silikas

Authors
  1. Spiros Zinelis
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  2. Youssef S. Al Jabbari
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  3. Andrew Thomas
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  4. Nick Silikas
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  5. George Eliades
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Correspondence to Spiros Zinelis.

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Zinelis, S., Al Jabbari, Y.S., Thomas, A. et al. Multitechnique characterization of CPTi surfaces after electro discharge machining (EDM). Clin Oral Invest 18, 67–75 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-0962-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-0962-y

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