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Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate and correlate the efficacy and cytotoxicity of a 35 % hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel after different application times on dental enamel.

Materials and methods

Enamel/dentin disks in artificial pulp chambers were placed in wells containing culture medium. The following groups were formed: G1, control (no bleaching); G2 and G3, three or one 15-min bleaching applications, respectively; and G4 and G5, three or one 5-min bleaching applications, respectively. Extracts (culture medium with bleaching gel components) were applied for 60 min on cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Cell metabolism (methyl tetrazolium assay) (Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney; α = 5 %) and cell morphology (scanning electron microscopy) were analyzed immediately after the bleaching procedures and the trans-enamel and trans-dentinal HP diffusion quantified (one-way analysis of variance/Tukey’s test; α = 5 %). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated 24 h after the contact time of the extracts with the cells (Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney; α = 5 %). Tooth color was analyzed before and 24 h after bleaching using a spectrophotometer according to the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage L*a*b* system (Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney; α = 0.05).

Results

Significant difference (p < 0.05) in cell metabolism occurred only between G1 (control, 100 %) and G2 (60.6 %). A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in ALP activity was observed between G2, G3, and G4 in comparison with G1. Alterations on cell morphology were observed in all bleached groups. The highest values of HP diffusion and color alterations were observed for G2, with significant difference among all experimental groups (p < 0.05). G3 and G4 presented intermediate color change and HP diffusion values with no statistically significant differences between them (p > 0.05). The lowest amount of HP diffusion was observed in G5 (p < 0.05), which also exhibited no significant color alteration compared to the control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

HP diffusion through dental tissues and its cytotoxic effects were proportional to the contact time of the bleaching gel with enamel. However, shorter bleaching times reduced bleaching efficacy.

Clinical relevance

Shortening the in-office tooth bleaching time could be an alternative to minimize the cytotoxic effects of this clinical procedure to pulp tissue. However, the reduced time of bleaching agent application on enamel may not provide adequate esthetic outcome.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (grant nos. 2011/12938-8 and 2011/09385-7) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (grant no. 301029/2010-1) for the financial support.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Rua Humaitá Street 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Diana Gabriela Soares, Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro & Fernanda da Silveira Vargas

  2. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Rua Humaitá Street 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Josimeri Hebling

  3. Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Rua Humaitá Street 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa

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  1. Diana Gabriela Soares
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  2. Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro
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  3. Fernanda da Silveira Vargas
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  4. Josimeri Hebling
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  5. Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
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Correspondence to Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa.

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Soares, D.G., Ribeiro, A.P.D., da Silveira Vargas, F. et al. Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel. Clin Oral Invest 17, 1901–1909 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0883-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0883-1

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