Abstract
Objective
Clinical data indicate an increased trend in material fracture as reason for failure in composite restorations, questioning whether modern resin-based composites (RBCs) are able to fulfil the rising aesthetical demands and to provide at the same time a sufficient mechanical stability also in larger cavities. Nano-hybrid RBCs are promoted as materials with improved mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to analyse differences in mechanical properties within and between modern flowable and non-flowable nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid RBCs by measuring mechanical properties at macro- and micro-scale.
Methods
Thirty-four RBCs with traditional and new monomer formulation or photo-polymerization initiator technology—15 nano-hybrid, nine micro-hybrid and ten flowable—were therefore considered. Flexural strength, flexural modulus (Eflexural), indentation modulus, Vickers hardness (HV) and creep were measured after the samples had been stored in water for 24 h at 37°C. Differences within the materials as well as within material categories were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05) as well as partial eta-square statistics.
Results
The category of micro- and nano-hybrid RBCs performed in all properties superior compared to the flowable RBCs. The former two categories differ significantly only with regard to three parameters, with nano-hybrid RBCs showing higher HV respectively lower Eflexural and filler weight. The micro-mechanical parameters proved to be more sensitive to differences in filler amount and RBCs type than the macro-mechanical properties.
Clinical relevance
Only few differences were found between nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid RBCs as a material category and thus, from laboratory tests, no clear advantages in the mechanical stability in stress-bearing areas of nano-hybrid RBCs are expected clinically. Similar is valid for materials with new monomer formulation or photo-polymerization initiator technology. However, several of the measured nano-hybrid RBCs showed consistently higher mechanical properties than the mean values of the micro-hybrid RBCs.
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Ilie, N., Rencz, A. & Hickel, R. Investigations towards nano-hybrid resin-based composites. Clin Oral Invest 17, 185–193 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0689-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0689-1