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Mobility-aware routing in delay tolerant networks

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Abstract

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) make use of opportunistic encounters of nodes for communication. The characteristics of high mobility of nodes, frequent link variation and long communication delays in DTNs result in an absence of an instantaneous end-to-end path from any source to a destination, making routing a challenge in DTNs. To deal with this issue, a lot of routing schemes have been proposed, in which future contacts of nodes are predicted based on node mobility traces and contact information. However, the previous works did not consider the spatial information of nodes, such as dwelling time at a location, and the transitivity of contacts in the prediction process of future encounter opportunities of nodes. In this paper, a novel mobility prediction-based routing (MPR) scheme is proposed for DTNs, in which the spatial information of nodes and contact transitivity are both taken into account. Specifically, a time-homogeneous semi-Markov process model is proposed to describe node mobility. By employing the semi-Markov model, we formulate the probability of a node destined to an area subject to the remaining time period constraint. The simulation results show that the proposed MPR scheme substantially improves delivery ratio and reduces delivery latency compared with traditional DTN routing schemes.

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Acknowledgments

This work is partly supported by the NSF of US under grant No. CNS-1252292, the NSF of China under Grant Nos. 61373083 and 61402273, the Natural Science Basis Research Plan in Shaanxi Province under Grant No. 2014JQ8353, the Program of Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team under Grant No. 2014KTC-18, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant Nos. GK201302024 and GK 201401002.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, China

    Lichen Zhang, Junling Lu & Xiaoming Wang

  2. Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA

    Zhipeng Cai

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  1. Lichen Zhang
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  2. Zhipeng Cai
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  3. Junling Lu
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  4. Xiaoming Wang
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Correspondence to Zhipeng Cai.

Additional information

The short version of this manuscript is in IIKI 2014 [46].

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Zhang, L., Cai, Z., Lu, J. et al. Mobility-aware routing in delay tolerant networks. Pers Ubiquit Comput 19, 1111–1123 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-015-0880-x

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