References
Huson SM, Harper PS, Compston DA. Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. A clinical and population study in south-east Wales. Brain. 1988;111(Pt 6):1355–81.
Cawthon RM, Weiss R, Xu GF, Viskochil D, Culver M, Stevens J, Robertson M, Dunn D, Gesteland R, O’Connell P. A major segment of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene: cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and point mutations. Cell. 1990;62(1):193–201.
Mulvihill JJ, Parry DM, Sherman JL, Pikus A, Kaiser-Kupfer MI, Eldridge R. NIH conference. Neurofibromatosis 1 (Recklinghausen disease) and neurofibromatosis 2 (bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis). An update. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(1):39–52.
Thakkar SD, Feigen U, Mautner VF. Spinal tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: an MRI study of frequency, multiplicity and variety. Neuroradiology. 1999;41(9):625–9.
Kluwe L, Tatagiba M, Funsterer C, Mautner VF. NF1 mutations and clinical spectrum in patients with spinal neurofibromas. J Med Genet. 2003;40(5):368–71.
Lonergan GJ, Schwab CM, Suarez ES, Carlson CL. Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2002;22(4):911–34.
Bacci C, Sestini R, Ammannati F, Bianchini E, Palladino T, Carella M, Melchionda S, Zelante L, Papi L. Multiple spinal ganglioneuromas in a patient harboring a pathogenic NF1 mutation. Clin Genet. 2010;77(3):293–7.
Miyakoshi N, Hongo M, Kasukawa Y, Misawa A, Shimada Y. Bilateral and symmetric C1–C2 dumbbell ganglioneuromas associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 causing severe spinal cord compression. Spine J. 2010;10(4):e11–5.
Kyoshima K, Sakai K, Kanaji M, Oikawa S, Kobayashi S, Sato A, Nakayama J. Symmetric dumbbell ganglioneuromas of bilateral C2 and C3 roots with intradural extension associated with von Recklinghausen’s disease: case report. Surg Neurol. 2004;61(5):468–73 (discussion 73).
Shephard RH, Sutton D. Dumb-bell ganglioneuromata of the spine with a report of four cases. Br J Surg. 1958;45(192):305–17.
Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system for cervical myelopathy. J Jpn Orthop Assoc. 1994;68:134–47.
Ashkan K, Casey AT. Christmas tree sign. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67(6):824.
Sinclair JE, Yang YH. Ganglioneuroma of the spine associated with von Recklinghausen’s disease. J Neurosurg. 1961;18:115–9.
Pang BC, Tchoyoson Lim CC, Tan KK. Giant spinal ganglioneuroma. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12(8):967–72.
Carpenter WB, Kernohan JW. Retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas and neurofibromas. A clinicopathological study. Cancer. 1963;16:788–97.
Serebrin R, Robertson DM. Ganglioneuroma arising in the pituitary fossa: a twenty year follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984;47(1):97–8.
Maggi G, Dorato P, Trischitta V, Varone A, Civetta F. Cervical dumbbell ganglioneuroma in an eighteen month old child. A case report. J Neurosurg Sci. 1995;39(4):257–60.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Ando, K., Imagama, S., Ito, Z. et al. Cervical myelopathy caused by bilateral C1–2 dumbbell ganglioneuromas and C2–3 and C3–4 neurofibromas associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Orthop Sci 19, 676–681 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-012-0315-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-012-0315-8