Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Osteogenesis response to implanted materials in endocortical bone in rat femora

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Abstract

Background

Orthopedic surgeons and dentists often implant materials to repair bone tissue defects and restore physiological functions of bone organs. The clinical success depends on adequate bone formation in operation sites. However, the real cause of osteogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the bone response to implanted materials, this study examined the bone tissue reaction in rat femoral medullary canal, which received gelatin and collagen as foreign-body materials.

Methods

A total of 36 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and meanly divided into three groups. In the gelatin group, the bilateral femora received gelatin material; in the collagen group, they were implanted with type I collagen, and in the control group, the femora suffered from sham operation with no materials inserted. After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimens were harvested and subjected to a series of examinations.

Results

After 2 weeks of healing, a significant upregulation of both alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin by both kinds of implanted materials relative to the control (sham implantation group) was seen in gene expression analysis. Strong reactivity of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NFκB ligand was detected in the two test groups in immunohistochemistry at 4 weeks of healing. Also, micro-CT revealed an increase in cortical bone thickness in the two test groups as compared to the control group. Densitometry showed increased bone mineral density in the bone receiving materials after 12 weeks, leading to the enhanced maximum load in the test groups.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the implanted materials led to an osteogenesis response in rat femoral medullary canal. Thus, we probably should reconsider the potential cascades of tissue reaction when utilizing orthopedic and dental implants and other materials to recover bone related-organ function and repair bone defects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Del Fattore A, Cappariello A, Teti A. Genetics, pathogenesis and complications of osteopetrosis. Bone. 2008;42:19–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Whyte MP, Wenkert D, McAlister WH, Novack DV, Nenninger AR, Zhang X, Huskey M, Mumm S. Dysosteosclerosis presents as an “osteoclast-poor” form of osteopetrosis: comprehensive investigation of a 3-year-old girl and literature review. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25:2527–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Dennison E, Cole Z, Cooper C. Diagnosis and epidemiology of osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:456–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bab I, Gazit D, Massarawa A, Sela J. Removal of tibial marrow induces increased formation of bone and cartilage in rat mandibular condyle. Calcif Tissue Int. 1985;37:551–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Einhorn TA, Simon G, Devlin VJ, Warman J, Sidhu SP, Vigorita VJ. The osteogenic response to distant skeletal injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1374–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ishizaka M, Tanizawa T, Sofue M, Dohmae Y, Endo N, Takahashi HE. Bone particles disturb new bone formation on the interface of the titanium implant after reaming of the marrow cavity. Bone. 1996;19:589–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kondo N, Tokunaga K, Ito T, Arai K, Amizuka N, Minqi L, Kitahara H, Ito M, Naito M, Shu-Ying J, Oda K, Murai T, Takano R, Ogose A, Endo N. High dose glucocorticoid hampers bone formation and resorption after bone marrow ablation in rat. Microsc Res Tech. 2006;69:839–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gazit D, Karmish M, Holzman L, Bab I. Regenerating marrow induces systemic increase in osteo- and chondrogenesis. Endocrinology. 1990;126:2607–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Albrektsson T, Johansson C. Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration. Eur Spine J. 2001;10(Suppl 2):S96–101.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Donath K, Laass M, Gunzl HJ. The histopathology of different foreign-body reactions in oral soft tissue and bone tissue. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1992;420:131–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25:402–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:1101–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gungormus M, Kaya O. Evaluation of the effect of heterologous type I collagen on healing of bone defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:541–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jegal SH, Park JH, Kim JH, Kim TH, Shin US, Kim TI, Kim HW. Functional composite nanofibers of poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) containing gelatin-apatite bone mimetic precipitate for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater. 2011;7:1609–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Young S, Wong M, Tabata Y, Mikos AG. Gelatin as a delivery vehicle for the controlled release of bioactive molecules. J Control Release. 2005;109:256–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tal H, Artzi Z, Moses O, Nemcovsky C, Kozlovsky A. Guided periodontal regeneration using bilayered collagen membranes and bovine bone mineral in fenestration defects in the canine. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent. 2005;25:509–18.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Llambes F, Silvestre FJ, Caffesse R. Vertical guided bone regeneration with bioabsorbable barriers. J Periodontol. 2007;78:2036–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kim CS, Kim JI, Kim J, Choi SH, Chai JK, Kim CK, Cho KS. Ectopic bone formation associated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins-2 using absorbable collagen sponge and beta tricalcium phosphate as carriers. Biomaterials. 2005;26:2501–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gleeson JP, Plunkett NA, O’Brien FJ. Addition of hydroxyapatite improves stiffness, interconnectivity and osteogenic potential of a highly porous collagen-based scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Eur Cell Mater. 2010;20:218–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rothamel D, Schwarz F, Sager M, Herten M, Sculean A, Becker J. Biodegradation of differently cross-linked collagen membranes: an experimental study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16:369–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bromme D, Okamoto K, Wang BB, Biroc S. Human cathepsin O2, a matrix protein-degrading cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts. Functional expression of human cathepsin O2 in Spodoptera frugiperda and characterization of the enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:2126–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gowen M, Lazner F, Dodds R, Kapadia R, Feild J, Tavaria M, Bertoncello I, Drake F, Zavarselk S, Tellis I, Hertzog P, Debouck C, Kola I. Cathepsin K knockout mice develop osteopetrosis due to a deficit in matrix degradation but not demineralization. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:1654–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Teitelbaum SL. Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science. 2000;289:1504–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, Elliott R, Colombero A, Elliott G, Scully S, Hsu H, Sullivan J, Hawkins N, Davy E, Capparelli C, Eli A, Qian YX, Kaufman S, Sarosi I, Shalhoub V, Senaldi G, Guo J, Delaney J, Boyle WJ. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell. 1998;93:165–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Boyle WJ, Riggs BL. The roles of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the paracrine regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15:2–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. O’Brien CA. Control of RANKL gene expression. Bone. 2010;46:911–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81070869).

Conflict of interest

The authors did not receive any benefits from any commercial party related directly or indirectly to this article, and there is no actual or potential conflict of interest among the authors in relation to this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Xudong Li, Ge Feng, Songsong Zhu, Jihua Li, En Luo & Jing Hu

  2. The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Jing Hu

Authors
  1. Xudong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ge Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Songsong Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jihua Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. En Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jing Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jing Hu.

About this article

Cite this article

Li, X., Feng, G., Zhu, S. et al. Osteogenesis response to implanted materials in endocortical bone in rat femora. J Orthop Sci 17, 626–633 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-012-0254-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-012-0254-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation