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Proposed novel unified nomenclature for range of joint motion: method for measuring and recording for the ankles, feet, and toes

  • Original Article
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Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Abstract

The Ad Hoc Committee of Terminology of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) proposes novel terminology for motion of the ankle, foot, and toe because there are some ambiguities in the current terminology. Articles were identified by searching the electronic databases of PubMed that compared definitions of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), International Society of Biomechanics (ISB), and in the textbook of Kapandji as well as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). A total of 11 articles described the transverse (horizontal) plane motion in the hindfoot as external rotation/internal rotation and 10 as abduction/adduction. In all, 2 articles described the transverse (horizontal) plane motion in midfoot as external rotation/internal rotation and 10 as abduction/adduction. Another 4 articles described the transverse (horizontal) plane motion in the forefoot as external rotation/internal rotation and 8 as abduction/adduction. Altogether, 109 articles described the sagittal plane motion of the foot/ankle as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and 20 as extension/flexion. In all, 99 articles described the frontal (coronal) plane motion of the foot/ankle as inversion/eversion and 4 as supination/pronation. Furthermore, 12 articles described the sagittal plane motion of toes as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and 15 as extension/flexion. Another 16 articles described the frontal (coronal) plane motion of toes as supination/pronation and 1 as inversion/eversion. The transverse (horizontal) plane motion of the foot/ankle was defined as abduction/adduction in the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot; the sagittal plane motion of the foot/ankle was defined as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion; and the frontal (coronal) plane motion of the foot/ankle as inversion/eversion. The transverse (horizontal) plane motion of toes was defined as abduction/adduction; the sagittal plane motion of toes was defined as extension/flexion; and the frontal (coronal) plane motion of toes was defined as supination/pronation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

    Hideo Doya

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Naoki Haraguchi

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan

    Hisateru Niki

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Masato Takao

  5. Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan

    Haruyasu Yamamoto

  6. The Ad Hoc Committee on Terminology of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot, Tokyo, Japan

    Hideo Doya, Naoki Haraguchi, Hisateru Niki, Masato Takao & Haruyasu Yamamoto

Authors
  1. Hideo Doya
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  2. Naoki Haraguchi
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  3. Hisateru Niki
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  4. Masato Takao
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  5. Haruyasu Yamamoto
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Doya, H., Haraguchi, N., Niki, H. et al. Proposed novel unified nomenclature for range of joint motion: method for measuring and recording for the ankles, feet, and toes. J Orthop Sci 15, 531–539 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-010-1492-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-010-1492-y

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