Abstract
Methane monooxygenase (MMO) enzymes activate O2 for oxidation of methane. Two distinct MMOs exist in nature, a soluble form that uses a diiron active site (sMMO) and a membrane-bound form with a catalytic copper center (pMMO). Understanding the reaction mechanisms of these enzymes is of fundamental importance to biologists and chemists, and is also relevant to the development of new biocatalysts. The sMMO catalytic cycle has been elucidated in detail, including O2 activation intermediates and the nature of the methane-oxidizing species. By contrast, many aspects of pMMO catalysis remain unclear, most notably the nuclearity and molecular details of the copper active site. Here, we review the current state of knowledge for both enzymes, and consider pMMO O2 activation intermediates suggested by computational and synthetic studies in the context of existing biochemical data. Further work is needed on all fronts, with the ultimate goal of understanding how these two remarkable enzymes catalyze a reaction not readily achieved by any other metalloenzyme or biomimetic compound.
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Abbreviations
- AMO:
-
Ammonia monooxygenase
- BMM:
-
Bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase
- DβH:
-
Dopamine β-hydroxylase
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- EXAFS:
-
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
- HMO:
-
Hydrocarbon monooxygenase
- MDH:
-
Methanol dehydrogenase
- MMO:
-
Methane monooxygenase
- MMOB:
-
sMMO regulatory protein
- MMOH:
-
sMMO hydroxylase
- MMOHox :
-
MMOH with a diiron(III) site
- MMOHred :
-
MMOH with a diiron(II) site
- MMOR:
-
sMMO reductase
- NDH-2:
-
Type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase
- PHM:
-
Peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase
- pMMO:
-
Particulate MMO
- sMMO:
-
Soluble MMO
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Acknowledgements
Work in the Rosenzweig laboratory on biological methane oxidation is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM118035 (A. C. R.). M. O. R. was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant 5T32GM008382.
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Ross, M.O., Rosenzweig, A.C. A tale of two methane monooxygenases. J Biol Inorg Chem 22, 307–319 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-016-1419-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-016-1419-y
Keywords
- Methanotroph
- Methane monooxygenase
- Dioxygen activation
- Diiron
- Copper