Abstract
Oxindolimine-copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes that previously have shown to induce apoptosis, with DNA and mitochondria as main targets, exhibit here significant inhibition of kinase CDK1/cyclin B protein. Copper species are more active than the corresponding zinc, and the free ligand shows to be less active, indicating a major influence of coordination in the process, and a further modulation by the coordinated ligand. Molecular docking and classical molecular dynamics provide a better understanding of the effectiveness and kinase inhibition mechanism by these compounds, showing that the metal complex provides a stronger interaction than the free ligand with the ATP-binding site. The metal ion introduces charge in the oxindole species, giving it a more rigid conformation that then becomes more effective in its interactions with the protein active site. Analogous experiments resulted in no significant effect regarding phosphatase inhibition. These results can explain the cytotoxicity of these metal complexes towards different tumor cells, in addition to its capability of binding to DNA, and decreasing membrane potential of mitochondria.
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Abbreviations
- CDK:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase
- DFT:
-
Density functional theory
- PDB:
-
Protein data bank
- PERK:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PKR:
-
Protein kinase R
- SAR:
-
Structure activity relationship
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Grants from the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Grants 2010/51842-3, 2011/50318-1, and 2013/07937-8), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico Tecnológico (CNPq, Grant 573530/2008-4), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior (CAPES), and Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade de São Paulo (PRPUSP, Grant 2011.1.9352.1.8). The authors are also grateful to the networks INCT INEO, INCT Redoxoma (FAPESP/CNPq/CAPES), NAP Redoxoma (PRPUSP), CEPID Redoxoma (FAPESP) and BioMol/CAPES (Computational Biology Project). We thank Marcos B. Gonçalves for discussions.
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R. B. Miguel and P. A. D. Petersen contribute equally to this work.
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Miguel, R.B., Petersen, P.A.D., Gonzales-Zubiate, F.A. et al. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1 by oxindolimine ligands and corresponding copper and zinc complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 20, 1205–1217 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1300-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1300-4