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Investigation of the salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone scaffold for inhibition of influenza virus PA endonuclease

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Abstract

The influenza virus PA endonuclease is an attractive target for the development of novel anti-influenza virus therapeutics, which are urgently needed because of the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. Reported PA inhibitors are assumed to chelate the divalent metal ion(s) (Mg2+ or Mn2+) in the enzyme’s catalytic site, which is located in the N-terminal part of PA (PA-Nter). In the present work, a series of salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the PA-Nter catalytic activity. Compounds 1–6 have been evaluated against influenza virus, both in enzymatic assays with influenza virus PA-Nter and in virus yield assays in MDCK cells. In order to establish a structure–activity relationship, the hydrazone analogue of the most active thiosemicarbazone has also been evaluated. Since chelation may represent a mode of action of such class of molecules, we studied the interaction of two of them, one with and one without biological activity versus the PA enzyme, towards Mg2+, the ion that is probably involved in the endonuclease activity of the heterotrimeric influenza polymerase complex. The crystal structure of the magnesium complex of the o-vanillin thiosemicarbazone ligand 1 is also described. Moreover, docking studies of PA endonuclease with compounds 1 and 2 were performed, to further analyse the possible mechanism of action of this class of inhibitors.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the “Centro Interfacoltà Misure Giuseppe Casnati” of the University of Parma for facilities. L. Naesens and A. Stevaert acknowledge financial support from the Geconcerteerde Onderzoeksacties—KU Leuven (GOA/15/019/TBA) and the technical assistance from Wim van Dam, Leentje Persoons en Ria Van Berwaer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy

    Dominga Rogolino, Alessia Bacchi, Gabriele Rispoli & Mauro Carcelli

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, 98158, Messina, Italy

    Laura De Luca

  3. Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy

    Mario Sechi

  4. Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium

    Annelies Stevaert & Lieve Naesens

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  1. Dominga Rogolino
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Correspondence to Mauro Carcelli.

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Rogolino, D., Bacchi, A., De Luca, L. et al. Investigation of the salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone scaffold for inhibition of influenza virus PA endonuclease. J Biol Inorg Chem 20, 1109–1121 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1292-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1292-0

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