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Dietary restriction plus exercise change gene expression of Cxcl12 abundant reticular cells in female mice

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Abstract

Introduction

Low energy availability due to excessive exercise lowers bone mass and impairs various physiological functions, including immunity and hematopoiesis. We focused on Cxcl12 abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and are essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic and immune cells in bone marrow. We examine the functional changes in CAR cells resulting from dietary restriction combined with exercise.

Materials and methods

Five-week-old wild-type female mice were divided into an ad libitum group (CON), a 60% dietary restriction group (DR), an ad libitum with exercise group (CON + ex), and a 60% dietary restriction with exercise group (DR + ex). Blood parameters, bone structure parameters, and bone marrow fat volume were evaluated after 5 weeks. In addition, bone marrow CAR cells were isolated by cell sorting and analyzed for gene expression by RT-qPCR.

Results

Bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly decreased in DR and DR + ex compared to CON and CON + ex. Especially, cortical bone mass and thickness were significantly decreased in DR and DR + ex groups, whereas trabecular bone mass was significantly increased. Bone marrow fat volume was significantly increased in DR and DR + ex groups compared to CON and CON + ex. The number of leukocytes in the blood was significantly decreased in the DR + ex group compared to the other three groups. RT-qPCR showed a significant decrease in gene expression of both Foxc1 and Runx2 in CAR cells of the DR + ex group compared to CON.

Conclusion

Dietary restriction combined with exercise promotes CAR cell differentiation into bone marrow adipocyte and suppresses osteoblast differentiation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the staff of the Division of Analytical Bio-Medicine and the Division of Laboratory Animal Research, the Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), the members of the Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), and Ehime University for their technical assistance and helpful support.

Funding

This work was supported by the 37th Research Grant of Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan

    Aoi Ikedo & Yuuki Imai

  2. Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan

    Yuuki Imai

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  1. Aoi Ikedo
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  2. Yuuki Imai
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Contributions

Investigation: AI; conceptualization: AI, YI; data curation: AI; funding acquisition: AI; supervision: YI; writing: AI, YI.

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Correspondence to Yuuki Imai.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Ikedo, A., Imai, Y. Dietary restriction plus exercise change gene expression of Cxcl12 abundant reticular cells in female mice. J Bone Miner Metab (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-024-01506-6

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