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Incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency and FGF23 levels in 12- to 13-year-old adolescents in Japan

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Abstract

Introduction

The incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency is increasing throughout the world. We measured the incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels in 12- to 13-year-old adolescents in Japan.

Materials and methods

A total of 492 adolescents (247 boys and 245 girls) from Japanese community enrolled in this study. 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured with radioimmunoassay. In the subjects with low 25(OH)D levels (≦ 20 ng/ml), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), albumin (Alb), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and FGF23 were measured.

Results

25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in girls (20.9 ± 3.1 ng/ml) than in boys (22.2 ± 3.3 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). Fifty-five boys (22.3%) and 83 (33.9%) girls showed vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). One-hundred eighty-six (75.3%) boys and 162 (66.1%) girls showed vitamin D insufficiency (≧ 20 ng/ml, < 30 ng/ml). In the subjects whose 25(OH)D levels were ≦ 20 ng/ml, the levels of iPTH, Ca, P, Alb, ALP and FGF23 were 22.3 ± 9.0 pg/ml, 9.5 ± 0.4 mg/dl, 4.7 ± 0.6 mg/dl, 4.6 ± 0.3 g/dl, 920.8 ± 339.3 U/l and 42.6 ± 26.0 pg/ml, respectively. There was a significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D levels and iPTH [r =  − 0.290 (p < 0.0001)]. There was no significant association between serum 25(OH)D levels and FGF23.

Conclusion

We show that 28% of Japanese 12- to 13-year-old early adolescents suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Findings from this study indicate that vitamin D deficiency requires close oversight in public health during adolescence to ensure proper bone health.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan (H28-sukoyaka-ippan-006). The authors thank Mrs. Yasuyo Kawai for her excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan

    Satomi Koyama, Junko Naganuma, Osamu Arisaka & Shigemi Yoshihara

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

    Takuo Kubota & Keiichi Ozono

  3. Department of Pediatrics, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan

    Osamu Arisaka

Authors
  1. Satomi Koyama
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  2. Takuo Kubota
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  3. Junko Naganuma
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  4. Osamu Arisaka
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  5. Keiichi Ozono
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  6. Shigemi Yoshihara
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Contributions

SK conceptualized and designed the study, collected the data, carried out the analysis, drafted the initial manuscript, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. TK, KO and OA conceptualized the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript. JN carried out the analysis, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. SY critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Correspondence to Satomi Koyama.

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Koyama, S., Kubota, T., Naganuma, J. et al. Incidence rate of vitamin D deficiency and FGF23 levels in 12- to 13-year-old adolescents in Japan. J Bone Miner Metab 39, 456–462 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-020-01173-3

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