Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sex steroids on bone and mineral metabolism

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The multifarious functions of sex steroid receptors include a role as regulatory factors for bone and mineral metabolism in vivo. These functions are more complex than originally assumed. The finding of nuclear receptors in osseous tissue alludes to the existence of novel indirect and direct functions of bone tissue beyond skeletal support, hematopoiesis, and calcium homeostasis. Cell-specific gene targeting approaches are an extremely important technology for future studies that will need to be conducted to fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying bone formation and metabolism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, Confavreux C, Dacquin R, Mee PJ, McKee MD, Jung DY, Zhang Z, Kim JK, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Ducy P, Karsenty G (2007) Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell 130:456–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zaidi M (2007) Skeletal remodeling in health and disease. Nat Med 13:791–801

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nelson HD (2008) Menopause. Lancet 371:760–770

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mundy GR (2007) Osteoporosis and inflammation. Nutr Rev 65:S147–S151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Silverman SL, Cummings SR, Watts NB (2008) Recommendations for the clinical evaluation of agents for treatment of osteoporosis: consensus of an expert panel representing the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR), the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD), and the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF). J Bone Miner Res 23:159–165

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Syed F, Khosla S (2005) Mechanisms of sex steroid effects on bone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 328:688–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fitzpatrick LA (2006) Estrogen therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 50:705–719

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Deroo BJ, Korach KS (2006) Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 116:561–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sims NA, Sabatakos G, Chen JS, Kelz MB, Nestler EJ, Baron R (2002) Regulating DeltaFosB expression in adult Tet-Off-DeltaFosB transgenic mice alters bone formation and bone mass. Bone 30:32–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Windahl SH, Andersson G, Gustafsson JA (2002) Elucidation of estrogen receptor function in bone with the use of mouse models. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13:195–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Vanderschueren D, Vandenput L, Boonen S, Lindberg MK, Bouillon R, Ohlsson C (2004) Androgens and bone. Endocr Rev 25:389–425

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kawano H, Sato T, Yamada T, Matsumoto T, Sekine K, Watanabe T, Nakamura T, Fukuda T, Yoshimura K, Yoshizawa T, Aihara K, Yamamoto Y, Nakamichi Y, Metzger D, Chambon P, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H, Kato S (2003) Suppressive function of androgen receptor in bone resorption. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9416–9421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Batra GS, Hainey L, Freemont AJ, Andrew G, Saunders PT, Hoyland JA, Braidman IP (2003) Evidence for cell-specific changes with age in expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta in bone fractures from men and women. J Pathol 200:65–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Takayanagi H (2007) Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. Nat Rev Immunol 7:292–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP (2003) Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function. Nat Rev Genet 4:638–649

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li M, Indra AK, Warot X, Brocard J, Messaddeq N, Kato S, Metzger D, Chambon P (2000) Skin abnormalities generated by temporally controlled RXRalpha mutations in mouse epidermis. Nature 407:633–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ferron M, Vacher J (2005) Targeted expression of Cre recombinase in macrophages and osteoclasts in transgenic mice. Genesis 41:138–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Clausen BE, Burkhardt C, Reith W, Renkawitz R, Forster I (1999) Conditional gene targeting in macrophages and granulocytes using LysMcre mice. Transgenic Res 8:265–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chiu WS, McManus JF, Notini AJ, Cassady AI, Zajac JD, Davey RA (2004) Transgenic mice that express Cre recombinase in osteoclasts. Genesis 39:178–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nakamura T, Imai Y, Matsumoto T, Sato S, Takeuchi K, Igarashi K, Harada Y, Azuma Y, Krust A, Yamamoto Y, Nishina H, Takeda S, Takayanagi H, Metzger D, Kanno J, Takaoka K, Martin TJ, Chambon P, Kato S (2007) Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts. Cell 130:811–823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Dupont S, Krust A, Gansmuller A, Dierich A, Chambon P, Mark M (2000) Effect of single and compound knockouts of estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) on mouse reproductive phenotypes. Development 127:4277–4291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sims NA, Clement-Lacroix P, Minet D, Fraslon-Vanhulle C, Gaillard-Kelly M, Resche-Rigon M, Baron R (2003) A functional androgen receptor is not sufficient to allow estradiol to protect bone after gonadectomy in estradiol receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 111:1319–1327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nelson HD, Humphrey LL, Nygren P, Teutsch SM, Allan JD (2002) Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. JAMA 288:872–881

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Reeder JG, Vogel VG (2007) Breast cancer risk management. Clin Breast Cancer 7:833–840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuuki Imai.

Additional information

Y. Imai is a recipient of the 2007 JSBMR Research Encouragement Award.

About this article

Cite this article

Imai, Y., Nakamura, T., Matsumoto, T. et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sex steroids on bone and mineral metabolism. J Bone Miner Metab 27, 127–130 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-008-0021-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-008-0021-y

Keywords

Navigation