Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of marine vessels on the basis of tests on model series

  • Original article
  • Published:
Journal of Marine Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The towing-tank resistance data for 20 series of ship models have been collated and processed in a unified manner. These data are presented here in a summarized manner showing the influence of the principal geometric parameters. The most significant parameter is the slenderness ratio which generally should be as large as possible in order to minimize the total resistance at full scale. It is demonstrated that the well-known DTMB Series 64 hulls possess the most promising geometry for the purpose of resistance minimization. It is further shown that the displacement of the prototype plays only a minor rôle. Thus, the general conclusions apply to any practical size of ship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(A_\mathrm{T}\) :

Transom area

\(A_\mathrm{X}\) :

Maximum-section area

B :

Beam

C :

Coefficient

\(C_\mathrm{A}\) :

Correlation allowance

\(C_\mathrm{B}\) :

Block coefficient

\(C_\mathrm{P}\) :

Prismatic coefficient

\(C_\mathrm{VP}\) :

Vertical prismatic coefficient

\(F_{\nabla }\) :

Volumetric Froude number

L :

Length

\(L_\mathrm{C}\) :

Wetted chine length

\(L_\mathrm{K}\) :

Wetted keel length

\(L_\mathrm{M}\) :

Mean wetted length

\(L/\nabla ^{1/3}\) :

Slenderness ratio

\(M_1\) :

Specific resistance at one speed

\(M_2\) :

Specific resistance averaged

N :

Number of test cases

\(N_\mathrm{B}\) :

Number of test cases in a quantile or grouping

\(R_\mathrm{A}\) :

Correlation resistance

\(R_\mathrm{F}\) :

Frictional resistance

\(R_{\mathrm{F0}}\) :

Flat-plate frictional resistance

\(R_\mathrm{H}\) :

Hydrostatic resistance

\(R_\mathrm{R}\) :

Residuary resistance

\(R_\mathrm{T}\) :

Total resistance

\(R_\mathrm{V}\) :

Viscous resistance

\(R_\mathrm{W}\) :

Wave resistance

\(R_\mathrm{a}\) :

Aerodynamic resistance

\(\mathrm {Re}\) :

Reynolds number

S :

Wetted-surface area

T :

Draft

U :

Ship velocity

W :

Displacement weight

d :

Depth of water

g :

Acceleration due to gravity

k :

Frictional-resistance increment factor

w :

Towing-tank or canal width

\(\Delta\) :

Displacement mass

\(\Delta_\mathrm{P}\) :

Prototype displacement mass

\(\beta\) :

Bow-down trim angle

\(\nu\) :

Kinematic viscosity of water

\(\rho\) :

Density of water

\(\nabla\) :

Displacement volume

\(^*\) :

Modification to original model series

AHSMS:

Australian High-Speed-Monohull Series

DL:

Davidson Laboratory

DTMB:

David Taylor Model Basin

DTNSRDC:

David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center

HSVA:

Hamburg Ship Model Basin

ITTC:

International Towing-Tank Conference

MARIN:

Maritime Research Institute Netherlands

NPL:

National Physical Laboratory

NSRDC:

Naval Ship Research and Development Center

NSWC:

Naval Surface Warfare Center

NTUA:

National Technical University of Athens

SIT:

Stevens Institute of Technology

SSPA:

Statens skeppsprovningsanstalt (Swedish State Shipbuilding Experimental Tank)

TMB:

Taylor Model Basin

USCG:

United States Coast Guard

References

  1. Froude W (1874) On experiments with H.M.S. ‘Greyhound’. Trans Inst Naval Archit 15:36–59 + 11 plates, Discussion: 59–73

  2. Froude W (1875) Admiralty Experiments upon Forms of Ships and upon Rocket Floats. Naval Sci 4:37–51 + 1 plate, Discussion: 262–264

  3. Froude RE (1888) On the ‘Constant’ system of notation of results of experiments on models used at the admiralty experimental works. Trans Inst Naval Archit 29:304–313 + 2 plates, Discussion: 313–318

  4. Nordström HF (1951) Some tests with models of small vessels. Swedish State Shipbuilding Experimental Tank, Göteborg, Report 19, 44 pp

  5. van Oossanen P (1980) Resistance prediction of small high-speed displacement vessels: state of the art. Int Shipbuild Progress 27(313):212–224 September

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Clement EP, Kimon PM (1957) Comparative resistance data for four planing boats. David Taylor Model Basin Rep 1113:20+iii pp, January

  7. Clement EP (1963) Resistance tests of a model of the German E-Boat. David Taylor Model Basin, Hydromechanics Laboratory, Report 1703, 25+ii pp

  8. Clement EP, Blount DL (1963) Resistance tests of a systematic series of planing hull forms. Trans Soc Naval Archit Mar Eng 71:491–561 Discussion: 562–579

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hubble EN (1974) Resistance of Hard-Chine, stepless planing craft with systematic variation of hull form, longitudinal center of gravity, and loading. Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Ship Performance Department, Report 4307, 346+v pp

  10. Hadler JB, Hubble EN (1971) Prediction of the power performance of the series 62 planing hull forms. Trans Soc Naval Archit Mar Eng 79:366–394 Discussion: 395–404

    Google Scholar 

  11. Beys PM (1963) Series 63 round bottom boats. Stevens Institute of Technology, Davidson Laboratory, Report SIT-DL-63-9-949, 45+iv

  12. Yeh HYH (1965) Series 64 resistance experiments on high-speed displacement forms. Mar Technol 2(3):248–272 July

    Google Scholar 

  13. Clement EP (1965) merit comparisons of the series 64 high-speed displacement hull forms. David Taylor Model Basin, Hydromechanics Laboratory, Report 2129, 35+iv

  14. Wellicome JF, Molland AF, Cic J, Taunton DJ (1999) Resistance experiments on a high speed displacement catamaran of series 64 form. University of Southampton, Department of Ship Science, Report 106, 19+i

  15. Karafiath G, Carrico T (2003) Series 64 parent hull: displacement and static trim variation. In: Proceedings of 7th international conference on fast sea transportation (FAST ’03), Ischia, Vol. 1, pp A1.27–A1.30

  16. Fung SC, Karafiath G, Toby AS (2005) The effects of bulbous bows, stern flaps and a wave-piercing bow on the resistance of a series 64 hull form. In: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation (FAST ’05), Saint Petersburg, Russia, pp 8

  17. Lazauskas L (2014) Predictions of the resistance and squat of 27 series 64 model Hulls. Cyberiad, Adelaide, Australia, pp 9

  18. MacPherson D (2015) A critical re-analysis of the series 64 performance data. In: Proceedings of 13th international conference on fast sea transportation (FAST ’15), Washington, DC, pp 8

  19. Moore WL, Hawkins F (1969) Planing Boat Scale Effects on Trim and Drag (TMB Series 56). Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Hydromechanics Laboratory, Technical Note 128, 37+iii

  20. Doctors LJ (2018) Hydrodynamics of high-performance marine vessels. Printed by CreateSpace, an Amazon.com Company, Charleston, South Carolina, Second Edition, Vol. 2, pp 423–885+ii

  21. Lindgren H, Williams Å (1968) Systematic tests with small, fast displacement vessels, including a study of the influence of spray strips. In: Proceedings of Diamond Jubilee International Meeting, society of naval architects and marine engineers, New York, NY, pp 21

  22. Lindgren H, Williams Å (1969) Systematic tests with small, fast displacement vessels, including a study of the influence of spray strips. Statens Skeppsprovningsanstalt, Göteborg, Sweden, Report 65, pp 51

  23. Bailey D (1976) The NPL high speed round bilge displacement hull series. Maritime Technology Monograph, Royal Institution of Naval Architects, No. 4, pp 90+ii

  24. Marwood WJ, Bailey D (1970) design data for high-speed displacement hulls of round-bilge form—model experiment data. National Physical Laboratory, Ship Division, Technical Memorandum 235, 22+ii

  25. Marwood WJ, Bailey D (1969) Design data for high-speed displacement hulls of round bilge form. National Physical Laboratory, Ship Division, Ship Report 99, 78+i

  26. Bailey D (1974) Performance prediction—fast craft. National Physical Laboratory, Ship Division, Report 181, 29+i

  27. Radojcic D, Rodic T, Kostic N (1997) Resistance and trim predictions for the NPL high speed round bilge displacement hull series. In: Proceedings of international symposium on power, performance and operability of small craft, Royal Institution of Naval Architects, Southampton, pp 10.1–10.14

  28. Holling HD, Hubble EN (1974) Model resistance data of series 65 hull forms applicable to hydrofoils and planing craft. Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Report 4121, 431+v

  29. Hadler JB, Hubble EN, Holling HD (1974) Resistance characteristics of a systematic series of planing hull forms—series 65. Presented to the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Chesapeake Section, 53+iii

  30. Keuning JA, Gerritsma J (1982) Resistance tests of a series of planing hull forms with 25 degrees deadrise angle. Int Shipbuild Progress 29(337):222–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Keuning JA, Gerritsma J, van Terwisga PF (1993) Resistance tests of a series planing hull forms with \(30^\circ\) deadrise angle, and a calculation model based on this and similar systematic series. Int Shipbuild Progress 40(424):333–382 December

    Google Scholar 

  32. Compton RH (1986) Resistance of a systematic series of semiplaning Transom–Stern hulls. Mar Technol 23(4):345–370 October

    Google Scholar 

  33. Insel M, Molland AF (1992) An investigation into the resistance components of high speed displacement Catamarans. Trans R Inst Naval Architect 134:1–11 Discussion: 11–20

    Google Scholar 

  34. Molland AF, Wellicome JF, Couser PR (1994) Theoretical prediction of the wave resistance of slender hull forms in catamaran configurations. University of Southampton, Department of Ship Science, Report 72, 24+i

  35. Molland AF, Wellicome JF, Couser PR (1994) Resistance experiments on a systematic series of high speed displacement catamaran forms: variation of length-displacement ratio and breadth-draught ratio. University of Southampton, Department of Ship Science, Report 71, 82+i

  36. Molland AF, Wellicome JF, Couser PR (1996) Resistance Experiments on a systematic series of high speed displacement catamaran forms: variation of length-displacement ratio and Breadth-Draught ratio. Trans R Inst Naval Architect 138:55–68 Discussion: 69–71

    Google Scholar 

  37. van Oossanen P, Pieffers JBM (1988) MARIN-systematic series of high-speed displacement ship hull forms. Schip en Werf 55(9/10):197–206 May

    Google Scholar 

  38. Doctors LJ (1999) Effective prediction of resistance for high-speed hullforms. In: Proceedings of 4th Japan-Korea Joint Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics (JAKOM ’99), Fukuoka, Japan, pp 305–312

  39. Doctors LJ (2018) Hydrodynamics of high-performance marine vessels, printed by createspace, an Amazon.com Company, Charleston, South Carolina, 2nd Edition, Vol 1, pp 1–421+li

  40. Bojovic P (1995) AMECRC systematic series calm water testing results. Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Centre, Report AMECRC IR 95/5, 93+vi

  41. Bojovic P (1995) Presentation of the AMECRC systematic series calm water testing results—Project 1.1.2. Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Centre, Report AMECRC IR 95/10, 41+vii

  42. Bojovic P (1996) Influence of displacement and LCG variation on calm water resistance. Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Centre, Report AMECRC IR 96/4, 60+vi

  43. Bojovic P, Goetz G (1996) Geometry of AMECRC systematic series. Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Centre, Report AMECRC IR 96/6, 53+v

  44. Grigoropoulos GJ, Damala DP (2001) The effect of trim on the resistance of high-speed craft. In: Proceedings of 2nd international EuroConference on high-performance marine vehicles (HIPER ’01), Hamburg, pp 187–199

  45. Radojcic D, Grigoropoulos GJ, Rodic T, Kuvelic T, Damala DP (2001) The resistance and trim of semi-displacement, double-chine, transom-stern hull series. In: Proceedings of 6th international conference on fast sea transportation (FAST ’01), Royal Institution of Naval Architects, Southampton, 3:187–195

  46. Grigoropoulos GJ, Loukakis TA (2002) Resistance and seakeeping characteristics of a systematic series in the pre-planing condition (part 1). Trans Soc Naval Architect Mar Eng 110:77–113

    Google Scholar 

  47. Grigoropoulos G (2005) Recent advances in the hydrodynamic design of fast monohulls. Ship Technol Res Schiffstechnik 52(1):14–33 January

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Molland AF, Wilson PA, Taunton DJ (2003) Resistance experiments on a systematic series of high speed displacement Monohull and Catamaran forms in shallow water. University of Southampton, Department of Ship Science, Report 127, 47+i

  49. Metcalf BJ, Faul L, Bumiller E, Slutsky J (2005) resistance tests of a systematic series of U.S. coast guard planing hulls. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Hydromechanics Department Technical Report NSWCCD-65-TR-2007/09, 59+vi

  50. Kowalyshyn D, Metcalf B (2006) A USCG systematic series of high speed planing hulls. Trans Soc Naval Architect Mar Eng 114:268–304 Discussion: 305–309

    Google Scholar 

  51. van Oossanen P, Pieffers JBM (1985) NSMB-systematic series of high-speed displacement ship hull forms. In: Proceedings of workshop on developments in hull form design, Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), Wageningen, Netherlands, Publication 785, 1:VII.1–VII.16

  52. Kapsenberg G (2012) The MARIN Systematic Series Fast Displacement Hulls, Proc. Twenty-Second International HISWA (Handel en Industrie op het Gebied van Scheepsbouw en Watersport) Symposium on Yacht Design and Yacht Construction, Amsterdam, pp 14

  53. Kapsenberg GK, Aalbers AB, Koops A, Blok JJ (2015) Fast displacement ships: the MARIN systematic series, Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN). Wageningen, Amsterdam, p 291

    Google Scholar 

  54. De Luca F, Pensa C (2017) The Naples warped hard chine hulls systematic series. Ocean Eng 139:205–236 July

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Radojčić D, Kalajdžić M (2018) Resistance and trim modeling of the Naples Hard chine systematic series. Trans R Inst Naval Architect Part B1 160:B31–B41

  56. Michell JH (1898) The wave resistance of a ship. Philosl Magz Ser 5 45(272):106–123 January

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Newman JN, Poole FAP (1962) The wave resistance of a moving pressure distribution in a canal. Schiffstechnik 9(45):21–26 January

    Google Scholar 

  58. Doctors LJ (2012) Near-field hydrodynamics of a surface-effect ship. J Ship Res 56(3):183–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Clements RE (1959) An analysis of ship-model correlation data using the 1957 I.T.T.C. Line. Trans R Inst Naval Architect vol 101, 373–385, Discussion: 386–402

  60. Lewis EV (1988) Principles of naval architecture: volume II. Resistance, Propulsion and Vibration, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City, New Jersey, pp 327+vi

  61. Gorski J (2011) Final report and recommendations of the resistance Committee. In: Proceedings of 26th international towing tank conference, Rio de Janeiro, Vol 1, pp 11–60

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Professor Fabio De Luca of the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II for his provision of the original and very accurate experimental data for the Naples Warped Hard-Chine-Hull Systematic Series. I am also grateful to Professor Gregory Grigoropoulos of the National Technical University of Athens for his provision of towing-tank data for further models in the NTUA Double-Chine High-Speed Series. Finally, I would like to thank Mr. Martin Grimm in the Department of Defence, Australia, for assisting me with sourcing the material on the MARIN Fast Displacement Ships.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Lawrence J. Doctors

Authors
  1. Lawrence J. Doctors
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lawrence J. Doctors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Doctors, L.J. Optimization of marine vessels on the basis of tests on model series. J Mar Sci Technol 25, 887–900 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-019-00687-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-019-00687-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation