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The National Health Service Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme in England

Implementation and optimisation

National-Health-Service-Programm zum Screening auf abdominale Aortenaneurysmen in England

Implementierung und Optimierung

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Abstract

Background

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is responsible for the premature death of more than 4,000 men in England and Wales every year. AAAs are usually asymptomatic before they rupture, yet they are easily detected by a simple abdominal ultrasound scan.

Methods

This paper reviews the evidence for, and implementation of, a national AAA population screening programme in England.

Results

Population screening of 65-year-old men can reassure most that they will not get an AAA, but it can also detect a small number of men with a large AAA at immediate risk of rupture, and a larger number of men with a small or medium AAA at minimal immediate risk, but who may be offered ongoing ultrasound surveillance. Population screening of men aged 65–74 has a sound evidence base, and reduces subsequent AAA-related mortality for at least 13 years by up to 50 %. Some Western countries, including the UK, have adopted population screening using public funding, whereas others remain to be convinced, and continue to collate research. The epidemiology of AAA is changing quickly, with the prevalence in 65-year-old men decreasing rapidly as smoking habits change and more medical treatments are used to manage cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusion

As evidence on the natural history of AAA continues to emerge, new and ongoing programmes will need to be responsive and adapt. The AAA screening programme of the future will evolve using emerging clinical and cost-effectiveness data.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Jedes Jahr verursachen rupturierte abdominale Aortenaneurysmen (AAA) mehr als 4000 vorzeitige Todesfälle unter der männlichen Bevölkerung in England und Wales. Bevor sie rupturieren, sind AAA in der Regel asymptomatisch, doch im Rahmen einer abdominalen Sonographie lassen sie sich leicht erkennen.

Methoden

Gesichtet, zusammengestellt und evaluiert wurden Materialien zur Evidenz für ein nationales AAA- Populationsscreeningprogramm in England sowie dessen Implementierung.

Ergebnisse

Mit einem Populationsscreening 65-jähriger Männer ist es möglich, den meisten von ihnen die Beruhigung zukommen zu lassen, dass sie kein AAA bekommen werden. Bei einer kleinen Anzahl Untersuchter kann ein großes AAA mit einem hohen Risiko für eine Spontanruptur festgestellt werden, und bei etwas mehr Untersuchten ein kleines bzw. mittleres AAA mit einem minimalen Spontanrupturrisiko. Letzteren kann ein kontinuierliches sonographisches Monitoring angeboten werden. Ein Populationsscreening von Männern zwischen 65 und 74 Jahren ist solide evidenzbasiert, es verringert die folgende AAA-bezogenen Mortalität um bis zu 50% über mindestens 13 Jahre. In manchen westlichen Ländern, so auch in Großbritannien, gibt es bereits ein öffentlich finanziertes Screening, andere Länder sind noch zu überzeugen und stellen weiterhin Forschungsergebnisse zusammen. Die AAA-Epidemiologie ändert sich rapide: Die Prävalenz bei 65-jährigen Männern nimmt mit sich verändernden Nikotinkonsumgewohnheiten und höherer Nutzung medizinischer Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren rasch ab.

Fazit

Künftige wie bestehende Programme werden auf neue Evidenz reagieren und Anpassungen vornehmen müssen. Mit den Daten, die laufend zu klinischen Faktoren und Kosteneffektivitätsaspekten generiert werden, werden sich die AAA-Screeningprogramme weiterentwickeln.

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Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest. J.J. Earnshaw states that there are no conflicts of interest. The accompanying manuscript does not include studies on humans or animals.

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Correspondence to J.J. Earnshaw.

Additional information

The author of this article is Clinical Director of the NHS AAA Screening Programme.

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Earnshaw, J. The National Health Service Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme in England. Gefässchirurgie 19, 528–533 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-014-1331-0

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