Zusammenfassung
Noch immer ist die Pathogenese des venösen Thromboembolismus (VTE) nicht bis ins Detail geklärt. Experimentaltiere, in denen eine tiefe Venenthrombose generiert wird, sind hilfreich bei der Erforschung der VTE-Pathogenese. Neben der Verfügbarkeit von transgenen bzw. genetisch modifizierten Mäusen spielt die Verwendung von Hochfrequenzultraschall und Intravitalmikroskopie bei der Darstellung thrombotischer Prozesse im Mausmodell eine große Rolle. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Verwendung neuer Technologien sowie über bestehende Modelle und stellt den Einfluss von venösen Seitenästen auf die tiefe Venenthrombose im Mausmodell dar.
Abstract
The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still not completely understood. Experimental animals in which human deep vein thrombosis can be modeled are useful tools to investigate the pathogenesis of VTE. Besides the availability of transgenic and genetically modified mice, the use of high frequency ultrasound and intravital microscopy plays an important role in identifying thrombotic processes in mouse models. In this article, an overview about the application of various new technologies and existing mouse models is provided, and the impact of venous side branches on deep vein thrombosis in the mouse model is discussed.
Literatur
Aghourian MN, Lemarie CA, Blostein MD (2012) In vivo monitoring of venous thrombosis in mice. J Thromb Haemost 10:447–452
Berny MA, Munnix IC, Auger JM et al (2010) Spatial distribution of factor Xa, thrombin, and fibrin(ogen) on thrombi at venous shear. PLoS One 5:e10415
Brandt M, Schonfelder T, Schwenk M et al (2013) Deep vein thrombus formation induced by flow reduction in mice is determined by venous side branches. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. doi:10.3233/CH-131680IOS, Amsterdam
Campagnola PJ, Loew LM (2003) Second-harmonic imaging microscopy for visualizing biomolecular arrays in cells, tissues and organisms. Nat Biotechnol 21:1356–1360
Diaz JA, Obi AT, Myers DD Jr et al (2012) Critical review of mouse models of venous thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:556–562
Diaz JA, Wrobleski SK, Hawley AE et al (2011) Electrolytic inferior vena cava model (EIM) of venous thrombosis. J Vis Exp e2737
Eitzman DT, Westrick RJ, Nabel EG et al (2000) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin promote vascular thrombosis in mice. Blood 95:577–580
Evans CE, Humphries J, Saha P et al (2012) Opinions on mouse models of thrombosis. Thromb Res 130:285–286
Falati S, Gross P, Merrill-Skoloff G et al (2002) Real-time in vivo imaging of platelets, tissue factor and fibrin during arterial thrombus formation in the mouse. Nat Med 8:1175–1181
Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF et al (2008) Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edn). Chest 133:381S–453S
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al (2013) Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 127:e6–e245
Konstantinides S (2012) Acute massive pumonary embolism. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 137:2014–2017
Mackman N (2012) Mouse models, risk factors, and treatments of venous thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:554–555
Mackman N (2012) New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis. J Clin Invest 122:2331–2336
Mohler W, Millard AC, Campagnola PJ (2003) Second harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins. Methods 29:97–109
Reinhardt C, Von Bruhl ML, Manukyan D et al (2008) Protein disulfide isomerase acts as an injury response signal that enhances fibrin generation via tissue factor activation. J Clin Invest 118:1110–1122
Van Bemmelen PS, Bedford G, Beach K et al (1990) Functional status of the deep venous system after an episode of deep venous thrombosis. Ann Vasc Surg 4:455–459
Vandendries ER, Hamilton JR, Coughlin SR et al (2007) Par4 is required for platelet thrombus propagation but not fibrin generation in a mouse model of thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:288–292
Vaya A, Suescun M (2013) Hemorheological parameters as independent predictors of venous thromboembolism. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 53:131–141
Von Bruhl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A et al (2012) Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med 209:819–835
Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. P. Wenzel, T. Schönfelder und S. Jäckel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Alle nationalen Richtlinien zur Haltung und zum Umgang mit Labortieren wurden eingehalten. Die notwendigen Zustimmungen der zuständigen Behörden liegen vor.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink (under „Supplemental“).
Zusatzmaterial online
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schönfelder, T., Jäckel, S. & Wenzel, P. Mausmodelle der tiefen Venenthrombose. Gefässchirurgie 19, 257–262 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-013-1277-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-013-1277-7