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Das vaskuläre Thoracic-outlet-Syndrom

Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome

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Zusammenfassung

Es erfolgt eine Übersicht zur Klassifikation, Diagnostik sowie Therapie des arteriellen (aTOS) und des venösen TOS (vTOS). Die rasche Diagnosefindung ist oft erschwert, da nicht nur ein zielführendes Verfahren existiert. Die Behandlung kann im unkomplizierten Verlauf (kein Gefäßschaden, vTOS) konservativ oder bei Patienten mit Symptomen invasiv sein. Ein Aneurysma und eine kompressionsbedingte Intimaläsion stellen Indikationen zur Operation dar. Der transaxilläre Zugang mit erfolgter Rippenresektion(en) ermöglicht eine übersichtliche Exposition aller hier liegenden Strukturen. Bei einem vTOS mit akuter Thrombose bevorzugen wir eine initiale Katheterlyse mit nachfolgender Dekompression. Vaskuläre Komplikationen/Rezidive kommen nach einer Entlastung mit kompletter Resektion der Rippe(n) extrem selten vor. Im eigenen Krankengut 124 operierter Patienten (2007–2011) dominierte das weibliche Geschlecht leicht. Das Durchschnittsalter liegt bei 32,4 Jahren (Spanne 16–64). Die Symptomatik war in unserem streng selektionierten Krankengut zu etwa 70 % neurologischer und zu 30 % vaskulärer Art. 24 Patienten (19 %) mit aTOS wurden operativ versorgt, darunter befanden sich 5 Aneurysmen. Ein vTOS zeigte sich in 11 % (n = 14). Hierbei handelte es sich um 10 frische Thrombosen und vier postthrombotische Zustände (zwei Patienten erlitten im Vorfeld eine pulmonale Embolie). Selbst bei einem vTOS trat nur eine lokale Rethrombose auf. Wir behandelten 7 Patienten mit Komplikationen nach Stents.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to discuss the classification, diagnosis and management of vascular arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (aTOS) and venous TOS (vTOS).These can be difficult to diagnose because there is not only one standardized objective test that can be used. Treatment options continue to be conservative (uncomplicated vascular findings for vTOS) or invasive (symptomatic patient, aneurysm, intimal damage for aTOS). A transaxillary approach with rib resection offers complete exposure of the subclavian artery and vein as well as muscular and fibrous abnormalities. The method of choice for the treatment of acute vein thrombosis caused by TOS is transcatheter thrombolytic therapy followed by early surgical decompression. Complications after decompression with complete resection of the rib(s) are extremely rare. Of 124 operated patients (2007–2011) the female gender was slightly more common. The average age was 32.4 years (range 16–64 years). The clinical symptoms were neurological in 70 % and vascular in 30 % and 24 patients (19 %) were surgically treated (aTOS, includes 5 patients with aneurysms). An isolated venous complication appeared in 11 % (14 patients) and from these 14 patients 10 had acute thrombosis and 4 a post-thrombotic event, 2 of them with a pulmonary embolism disease in the medical history. Local reocclusion was observed in only one of treated patients with vTOS and seven patients were treated for complications after stent placement.

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Compliance with Ethic Guidelines

Conflict of Interest T. Bürger, T. Gebauer, H. Baumbach, H. Prescher declare that they have no conflict of interest.

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Additional informed consent was obtained from all patients for whom identifying information is included in this article.

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Bürger, T., Gebauer, T., Baumbach, H. et al. Das vaskuläre Thoracic-outlet-Syndrom. Gefässchirurgie 18, 184–195 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-013-1154-4

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