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Möglichkeiten des grenzüberschreitenden Telemonitorings bei Ersatzoperationen des thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmas

Possibilities for telemonitoring across national boundaries for open surgical repair of aneurysms of the thoracoabdominal aorta

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Zusammenfassung

Ersatzoperationen der thorakoabdominellen Aorta sind mit einem deutlichen Risiko für neurologische Komplikationen assoziiert. Die intraoperative Messung der motorisch evozierten Potenziale (MEP) ist eine valide Methode zur Überwachung der spinalen Durchblutung. Diese Form des intraoperativen Neuromonitorings ist an eine komplexe technische Infrastruktur und Expertise gebunden. Daher ist es sinnvoll, diese Expertise und aufwendige Technik via Telemonitoring zentrumsübergreifend zu nutzen.

Wir zeigen, wie 3 Zentren in 3 Ländern Europas auf eine gemeinsame grenzüberschreitende Infrastruktur und Expertise in der chirurgischen Behandlung des thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmas (TAAA) zurückgreifen. 59 Patienten, die sich in Bern und Aachen einer offenen TAAA-Operation unterzogen, wurden von einem zentralen Neurophysiologenteam aus Maastricht telemedizinisch überwacht. In 33 Fällen (55,9%) kam es zu einem signifikanten Abfall der MEP, sodass rückenmarkprotektive Maßnahmen getroffen werden mussten. Dabei reichte in 9 Fällen die Anhebung des peripheren Perfusionsdrucks oder eine Repositionierung der Aortenklemme aus. In einem Fall wurde die A. subclavia reimplantiert, und in den restlichen Fällen wurden Segmentarterien reimplantiert. In allen Fällen waren die Maßnahmen erfolgreich, sodass die unmittelbar postoperative Paraplegierate 0% betrug und die MEP am Ende des Monitorings in allen Fällen übereinstimmend normalisiert waren. Beim telemedizinischen Neuromonitoring handelt es sich also um eine robuste und zuverlässige Methode. Zusammenfassend konnten wir zeigen, dass sich das intraoperative Neuromonitoring von TAAA-Ersatzoperationen hervorragend im Rahmen eines telemedizinischen grenzüberschreitenden Projektes realisieren lässt.

Abstract

Open aneurysm repair of the thoracoabdominal and thoracic descending aorta is associated with a manifest risk for neurological complications. Particularly neuromonitoring of the spinal function by means of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) is a valid method for surveillance and to reveal an insufficient arterial supply at an early point in time. However, the use of MEPs requires not only a complex technical infrastructure but also a high level of expertise.

We demonstrate how three vascular centers in three countries resort to one technical infrastructure and neuromonitoring expertise during complex aortic surgery by using telemedicine. Our experience is based on 59 patients treated by open surgery in Bern (Inselspital) and Aachen (University hospital) for aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta (TAA) and the thoracoabdominal aorta (TAAA), respectively. In all patients the protective and surgical strategies to prevent paraplegia were guided by online assessment of MEPs. The measured neuromonitoring data were evaluated by a centralized team of neurophysiologists in Maastricht. In 33 patients a significant drop in MEPs was recorded requiring immediate protective and surgical arrangements. In 9 patients, blood pressure management or the reposition of the cross clamping was sufficient. All other cases required reattachment of arteries supplying the spinal cord. In all 33 patients the protective and surgical strategies were successful so that no paraplegia occurred immediately postoperation. The clinical results were in accordance with the intraoperative MEPs. In all cases the data communication was stabile and enabled the successful evaluation of the time course of MEPs. Neuromonitoring in TAAA and TAA surgery is suitable for telemedical use across national boundaries.

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Greiner, A., Mess, W., Schmidli, J. et al. Möglichkeiten des grenzüberschreitenden Telemonitorings bei Ersatzoperationen des thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmas. Gefässchirurgie 15, 311–316 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-010-0785-y

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