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Die Entwicklung von biologischen Gefäßprothesen für die Gefäßchirurgie

The development of biological vascular prostheses for vascular surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Die Einführung der peripheren Bypasschirurgie mit autologer V. saphena magna vor mehr als 60 Jahren bedeutete einen dramatischen Fortschritt in der Gefäßchirurgie. Bedauerlicherweise steht aber die autologe Vene als Transplantat nicht immer zur Verfügung, sodass schon frühzeitig die intensive Suche nach alternativen Blutleitern auch für den kleinkalibrigen Gefäßbereich einsetzte. Die Forschung erstreckte sich dabei nicht nur auf die heute bekannten synthetischen Gefäßprothesen aus PTFE oder Dacron, sondern auch biologische Materialien verschiedenster Herkunft wurden intensiv untersucht und sind teilweise bis heute im erfolgreichen klinischen Einsatz. Biologische Gefäßprothesen kommen in erster Linie in der peripheren Bypasschirurgie und in der Dialyseshuntchirurgie zur Anwendung. Ihre Entwicklung wird anhand dreier Grundprinzipien – des denaturierten heterologen Blutleiters, des autologen Kollagenconduits und des denaturierten homologen Blutleiters – beispielhaft dargestellt.

Abstract

Introduction of the autologous greater saphenous vein bypass more than 60 years ago marked a dramatic progress in vascular surgery. Unfortunately the saphenous vein is not always available as bypass material. Therefore, intensive efforts were made to develop alternative vascular conduits especially for smaller caliber arteries. Research activities not only focused on the now well known synthetic PTFE or Dacron vascular grafts, but also included a number of biological materials of different origin, some of which are still available for clinical use. Mainly biological vascular prostheses are used for peripheral bypass surgery or dialysis access. Development of these grafts is described according to three basic principles – denaturated heterologous blood vessels, autogenous reinforced collagen conduit and denaturated homologous blood vessels.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland

    A. Neufang

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Neufang, A. Die Entwicklung von biologischen Gefäßprothesen für die Gefäßchirurgie. Gefässchirurgie 15, 90–100 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-009-0727-8

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