Zusammenfassung
Offene Operationen wie die Thrombektomie oder die venöse Bypasschirurgie waren in der Vergangenheit die Verfahren der Wahl zur Behandlung von akuten und chronischen Beckenvenenverschlüssen. Nach der Einführung endovaskulärer Techniken in den 1990er Jahren sind diese offenen Verfahren in vielen internationalen Zentren von den perkutanen Interventionen verdrängt worden. Die präoperative Diagnostik mit CT- oder MR-Phlebographie ist heute ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Behandlungsplanung, auch wenn die venöse Angiographie des betroffenen Gefäßsegments weiterhin das aussagekräftigste Verfahren ist. Die kathetergesteuerte Thrombolyse mit Rekanalisierung und Stentung der ursächlichen chronischen Obstruktionen kann heute als Verfahren der Wahl zur Behandlung akuter Beckenvenenthrombosen angesehen werden, da die konservative Behandlung zwar einer Thrombusprogression und Lungenembolie vorbeugen kann, aber keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse bei der Prophylaxe des postthrombotischen Syndroms erzielt. Die Rekanalisierung chronischer Beckenvenenverschlüsse kann einen normalen antegraden Fluss in den Beckenvenen wiederherstellen und so bei der Mehrzahl der betroffenen Patienten eine deutliche Linderung der klinischen Symptome bewirken.
Abstract
In the past, open surgical techniques such as thrombectomy and bypasses were the treatments of choice for acute and chronic venous occlusive disease of the iliocaval vein segments, but the results were often disappointing. With the introduction of endovascular techniques in the 1990s, open techniques were widely replaced by endovascular interventions. Proper preoperative imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance phlebography has become an important part of procedure planning, but phlebography by direct puncture with contrast injection in the immediate proximity of the iliofemoral segment is still the most informative diagnostic method. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with recanalization and stenting of underlying chronic obstructions is becoming the treatment of choice for patients with acute iliofemoral thrombosis, as conservative treatment is not satisfactory for preventing postthrombotic syndrome. Recanalization of chronic iliac vein occlusions with balloon angioplasty and stenting can reestablish normal venous flow in the iliac veins and inferior vena cava and relieve symptoms in the majority of treated patients. New treatment modalities offer stimulating options for patients not treated adequately either by medical or open surgical therapy.
Literatur
Jost CJ, Gloviczki P, Cherry KJ Jr et al (2001) Surgical reconstruction of iliofemoral veins and the inferior vena cava for nonmalignant occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 33:320–327 (discussion 327–328)
Plate G, Eklöf B, Norgren L et al (1997) Venous thrombectomy for iliofemoral vein thrombosis – 10-year results of a prospective randomised study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 14:367–374
Mavor GE, Galloway JM (1969) Iliofemoral venous thrombosis. Pathological considerations and surgical management. Br J Surg 56:45–59
Douketis JD, Crowther MA, Foster GA, Ginsberg JS (2001) Does the location of thrombosis determine the risk of disease recurrence in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis? Am J Med 110:515–519
Mewissen MW, Seabrook GR, Meissner MH et al (1999) Catheter-directed thrombolysis for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: Report of a national multicenter registry. Radiology 211:39–49
Vedantham S, Grassi CJ, Ferral H et al (2006) Reporting standards for endovascular treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 17:417–434
May R, Thurner J (1956) A vascular spur in the vena iliaca communis sinistra as a cause of predominantly left-sided thrombosis of the pelvic veins. Z Kardiol 45:912–922
Chung JW, Yoon CJ, Jung SI et al (2004) Acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: Evaluation of underlying anatomic abnormalities by spiral CT venography. J Vasc Interv Radiol 15:249–256
Kibbe MR, Ujiki M, Goodwin AL et al (2004) Iliac vein compression in an asymptomatic patient population. J Vasc Surg 39:937–943
Kölbel T, Lindh M, Holst J et al (2007) Extensive acute deep vein thrombosis of the iliocaval segment: Midterm results of thrombolysis and stent placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol 18:243–250
Hillarp A, Zoller B, Svensson PJ, Dahlback B (1997) The 20210 a allele of the prothrombin gene is a common risk factor among Swedish outpatients with verified deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 78:990–992
Elsharawy M, Elzayat E (2002) Early results of thrombolysis vs anticoagulation in iliofemoral venous thrombosis. A randomised clinical trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 24:209–214
Markel A, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE Jr (1992) Valvular reflux after deep vein thrombosis: Incidence and time of occurrence. J Vasc Surg 15:377–382 (discussion 383–374)
Nicolaides AN, Hussein MK, Szendro G et al (1993) The relation of venous ulceration with ambulatory venous pressure measurements. J Vasc Surg 17:414–419
Åkesson H, Brudin L, Dahlström JA et al (1990) Venous function assessed during a 5 year period after acute ilio-femoral venous thrombosis treated with anticoagulation. Eur J Vasc Surg 4:43–48
Comerota AJ, Paolini D (2007) Treatment of acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: A strategy of thrombus removal. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33:351–360 (discussion 361–352)
Goldhaber SZ, Buring JE, Lipnick RJ, Hennekens CH (1984) Pooled analyses of randomized trials of streptokinase and heparin in phlebographically documented acute deep venous thrombosis. Am J Med 76:393–397
Bjarnason H, Kruse JR, Asinger DA et al (1997) Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: Safety and efficacy outcome during 5 years of catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 8:405–418
Comerota AJ, Throm RC, Mathias SD et al (2000) Catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis improves health-related quality of life. J Vasc Surg 32:130–137
Hood DB, Alexander JQ (2004) Endovascular management of iliofemoral venous occlusive disease. Surg Clin North Am 84:1381–1396
AbuRahma AF, Perkins SE, Wulu JT, Ng HK (2001) Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: Conventional therapy versus lysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Ann Surg 233:752–760
O’Sullivan GJ, Semba CP, Bittner CA et al (2000) Endovascular management of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome. J Vasc Interv Radiol 11:823–836
Kölbel T, Alhadad A, Acosta S et al (2008) Thrombus embolization into IVC filters during catheter-directed thrombolysis for proximal deep venous thrombosis. J Endovasc Ther 15:605–613
Arenander E (1957) Varicosity and ulceration of the lower limb: A clinical follow-up study of 247 patients examined phlebographically. Acta Chir Scand 112:135–144
Thomas ML, McAllister V (1971) The radiological progression of deep venous thrombus. Radiology 99:37–40
Raju S, McAllister S, Neglen P (2002) Recanalization of totally occluded iliac and adjacent venous segments. J Vasc Surg 36:903–911
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kölbel, T., Lindh, M., Åkesson, M. et al. Endovaskuläre Behandlung akuter und chronischer Beckenvenenverschlüsse. Gefässchirurgie 14, 292–300 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-008-0667-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-008-0667-8
Schlüsselwörter
- Beckenvenenthrombose
- Venöse Rekanalisierung
- Kathetergesteuerte Thrombolyse
- Postthrombotisches Syndrom
- Phlebographie