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Einfluss des Grundwassers auf die Schadenswirkung von Erdbeben – ein Überblick

The influence of groundwater on damage caused by earthquakes – an overview

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Kurzfassung

Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Kenntnisstand zum Einfluss lokaler hydrogeologischer Verhältnisse auf das seismische Verhalten des Untergrundes und versucht den Forschungsbedarf in diesem Grenzbereich von Hydrogeologie und Seismologie aufzuzeigen. Standorteffekte können bei Starkbeben, auch bei großen und relativ gleichbleibenden Hypozentralentfernungen für ein Gebiet sehr verschieden sein. Die resultierenden, oft unterschiedlichen Schadensfolgen sind eindeutig von den lokalen geologischen und hydrogeologischen Gegebenheiten des Untergrundes abhängig. Diese bestimmen die Amplitude, den Frequenzinhalt und die Dauer der Bodenbewegung an einem Standort. Unterschiedliche Grundwasserstände können durch die Änderung der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit in Lockergesteinen die lokalen Antwortspektren der Bodenbewegung beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus haben Grundwasserstandsschwankungen einen beträchtlichen Einfluss auf das Verflüssigungspotenzial oberflächennaher sandiger Schichten. Durch In-situ-Porenwasserdruckmessungen in Aquiferen kann der Vorgang der Bodenverflüssigungen durch Erdbeben dokumentiert werden.

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of current understanding regarding the influence of local hydrogeologic conditions on seismic ground motion. The topic links both, hydrogeology and seismology given that variability in earthquake- induced damage is mainly determined by the local geological and hydrogeological conditions. These conditions, intern influence the amplitude, the frequency and duration of ground motion at a site. Groundwater level variations and associated saturation changes in sand layers within near-surface aquifers can influence local response spectra of the ground motion, through modification of shear-wave velocity. Changes of the groundwater level can also have a considerable influence upon the liquefaction potential of a region. Special attention is drawn to insitu pore-water pressure responses in aquifers during earthquakes, to observe and explain the triggering mechanism of liquefaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl f. Angewandte Geologie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76128, Karlsruhe

    Dieter Hannich &  Heinz Hötzl

  2. Institut für Bodenmechanik und Felsmechanik, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76128, Karlsruhe

    Roberto Cudmani

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  1. Dieter Hannich
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  2. Heinz Hötzl
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  3. Roberto Cudmani
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Correspondence to Dieter Hannich, Heinz Hötzl or Roberto Cudmani.

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Hannich, ., Hötzl, . & Cudmani, R. Einfluss des Grundwassers auf die Schadenswirkung von Erdbeben – ein Überblick. Grundwasser 11, 286–294 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-006-0158-3

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