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Bedeutung der Screeningkoloskopie und endoskopischer Verfahren zur Prävention und Therapie beim Kolonkarzinom

Importance of screening colonoscopy and endoscopic procedures in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer

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Zusammenfassung

Karzinomerkrankungen des Kolons und Rektums stellen eine der häufigsten geschlechtsübergreifenden bösartigen Neubildungen des Menschen in der westlichen Welt dar. Die Ursachen hierfür sind vielfältig und liegen neben der steigenden Lebenserwartung zu einem großen Teil im westlichen Lebens- und Ernährungsstil begründet. Es ist jedoch gelungen, in den letzten Jahren die Anzahl der Neuerkrankungen dieser Karzinomerkrankung deutlich zu senken. Einen zentralen Auslöser in dieser Entwicklung stellt das Vorsorgeprogramm dar, welches seit 2002 implementiert ist und neben einer Karzinomfrüherkennung auch die effektive Beseitigung von präkanzerogenen Läsionen im Darm erlaubt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Übersicht werden neue Entwicklungen und organisatorische Grundlagen des endoskopischen Screenings für bösartige Neubildungen des Kolorektums dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden innovative endoskopische Möglichkeiten im Screening sowie der Therapie präneoplastischer und frühmaligner Läsionen hinsichtlich ihrer diagnostischen Wertigkeit und therapeutischen Effektivität bewertet. Das Vorsorgeprogramm zur Früherkennung und Vermeidung von kolorektalen Karzinomerkrankungen und die dabei entwickelten endoskopischen Technologien stellen einen Meilenstein in der Prävention des kolorektalen Karzinoms dar.

Abstract

Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is one of the most frequent gender-independent neoplasias in the western world. The causes of this are manifold and, in addition to our increasing life expectancy, are largely due to our western lifestyle and nutritional habits. However, in recent years we have succeeded in significantly reducing the number of new cases of this type of cancer. A central driver of this development is the tumor prevention program, which was implemented in 2002 and allows not only early detection of carcinoma but also the effective removal of precancerous lesions in the intestine. In this article, we discuss new developments and organizational implementation of endoscopic screening for malignant neoplasms of the colorectum. In addition, innovative endoscopic options in screening and treatment of precancerous and early malignant lesions are evaluated with respect to their diagnostic value and therapeutic effectiveness. The screening program for early detection and prevention of colorectal carcinoma and the endoscopic technologies developed around this program represent a milestone in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

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Danksagung

Wir danken Dr. U. König für die kritische Bearbeitung des vorliegenden Manuskripts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland

    Alexander König, Marius Brunner &  Volker Ellenrieder

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  1. Alexander König
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Correspondence to Volker Ellenrieder.

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A. König, M. Brunner und V. Ellenrieder geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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König, A., Brunner, M. & Ellenrieder, V. Bedeutung der Screeningkoloskopie und endoskopischer Verfahren zur Prävention und Therapie beim Kolonkarzinom. Onkologe 27, 219–226 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-020-00888-2

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