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Karzinom bei unbekanntem Primärtumor

Wesen – Epidemiologie – Prognose – Risikofaktoren

Carcinoma of unknown primary site

Entity – epidemiology – prognosis – risk factors

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Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Ziel ist die Vermittlung der Grundlagen für die weiteren Diskussionen zum Karzinom bei unbekanntem Primärtumor (CUP).

Material und Methoden

Aus einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche zu den Themen CUP und Epidemiologie sowie Prognose- bzw. Risikofaktoren wurden die für den Autor relevanten Punkte zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse

CUP wird definiert als eine heterogene Gruppe von Karzinomerkrankungen, bei denen es trotz umfangreicher diagnostischer Maßnahmen nicht gelingt, die anatomische Lokalisation des Ursprungstumors zu klären. In der Literatur werden 3–5 % aller Karzinome als CUP aufgeführt. Die Angaben zur Inzidenz sind allerdings ungenau, weil z. B. in britischen und australischen Registern weiterhin ein großer Teil der CUP-Diagnosen nur klinisch oder auf dem Boden einer ungenauen Histologie gestellt wird. Die Prognose der Patienten ist sehr unterschiedlich, je nach Konstellation (Histologie und Ausdehnung) des CUP. Bei Patienten mit sog. ungünstigem Risikoprofil liegt die mediane Überlebenszeit unverändert nur bei 6 Monaten.

Diskussion

Trotz abnehmender Inzidenz ist die Diagnose CUP keineswegs eine Rarität, sondern eine etablierte Tumorentität, die nach einem strukturieren Plan diagnostisch bearbeitet und behandelt werden sollte. Es gilt daher, die Tumorentität CUP aus der Ecke der sehr seltenen und rätselhaften Erkrankungen herauszuholen und als definierte Tumorerkrankung zu etablieren.

Abstract

Objective

Aim is to provide the foundations for the discussions on carcinomas of unknown primary site (CUP).

Material and methods

A search of the literature on CUP and epidemiology and prognostic or risk factors was performed and the main issues for the author are summarized in this article.

Results

The entity of CUP is defined as a heterogeneous group of malignant epithelial diseases, where it is not possible to localize the primary tumor despite a comprehensive diagnostic work-up. In the literature approximately 3–5% of all carcinomas are classified as CUP; however, the data on the incidence are imprecise due to large registers, for example from Great Britain or Australia, which still define CUP only on the basis of clinical information or on imprecise histology. The prognosis of patients with CUP is very heterogeneous, depending on the clinical constellation (e.g. histology and extent of disease). Patients with so-called unfavorable risk profiles still have a median survival time of only 6 months.

Discussion

Despite the decreasing incidence of CUP, it is not a rare malignant disease. Instead, CUP is a well-defined tumor entity, which should be treated according to a well-structured plan. The aim is therefore to retrieve the tumor entity CUP from being regarded as very rare and enigmatic disease and to become established as a defined tumor disease.

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Correspondence to Michael Stahl.

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M. Stahl gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Stahl, M. Karzinom bei unbekanntem Primärtumor. Onkologe 23, 974–980 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0269-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0269-8

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