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Neue immuntherapeutische Prinzipien

New immunotherapeutic principles

  • Leitthema
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Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Durch neue Entwicklungen in der Immunonkologie hat die Systemtherapie maligner Erkrankungen in den letzten Jahren erhebliche Fortschritte gemacht.

Ziel

Ziel der Arbeit ist die Erstellung einer Übersicht über die wichtigsten aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Immuntherapie akuter Leukämien.

Material und Methode

Zusammenstellung und Diskussion publizierter Daten aus klinischen Studien, Diskussion von immunonkologischen Grundlagenarbeiten.

Ergebnisse

Therapeutische Fortschritte durch neue Immuntherapien sind zurzeit v. a. bei akuten lymphatischen Leukämien der B‑Zellreihe erzielt worden. Neben klassischen monoklonalen Antikörpern und Antikörper-Drug-Konjugaten zeigen zielgerichtete T‑Zell-basierte Therapieansätze mit dem BiTE-Molekül (BiTE Bi-specific T cell Engager) Blinatumomab und CAR-T-Zellen vielversprechende klinische Ergebnisse. Insbesondere die zielgerichtete Behandlung der minimalen Resterkrankung führt zu einer hohen Rate an rezidivfreien Langzeitüberlebern. Der Stellenwert neuer immuntherapeutischer Ansätze bei akuten Leukämien jenseits der B‑Zell-Reihe, wie z. B. der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML), ist zurzeit noch unklar und wird in zahlreichen klinischen Studien geprüft.

Schlussfolgerungen

Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Kombination neuer Immuntherapeutika sowie deren Integration in die Erstlinienbehandlung zur Entwicklung weniger toxischer Therapien sowie zu einer weiteren Verbesserung der Heilungschancen akuter Leukämien führen werden. Um diese vielversprechenden Entwicklungen so schnell wie möglich voranzutreiben, sollten Patienten mit akuter Leukämie nach Möglichkeit in klinischen Studien behandelt werden.

Abstract

Background

During the past few years significant progress has been achieved in systemic cancer therapy driven by new developments in the field of immuno-oncology.

Objective

To create an overview on the most relevant developments in the field of immunotherapy of acute leukemia.

Material and methods

Compilation and discussion of published data from clinical trials and discussion of basic research in the field of immuno-oncology.

Results

Current therapeutic progress by novel immunotherapies has been achieved primarily in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AML) of the B cell lineage. Besides classical monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, targeted T cell-based therapy approaches with the bispecific BiTE antibody blinatumomab and CAR-T cells have shown promising results in clinical trials. In particular, targeted therapy of minimal residual disease leads to a high proportion of relapse-free long-term survivors. The role of immunotherapy in non-B cell lineage acute leukemia, such as in AML, is largely unclear and is currently being tested in various ongoing clinical trials.

Conclusion

It is to be expected that the combination of immunotherapeutic approaches and the integration of novel immunotherapies into first line treatment of acute leukemia will lead to less toxic therapies and will further improve the probability of a cure. Patients with acute leukemia should be treated in clinical trials in order to advance these new and promising therapeutic options as quickly as possible.

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Correspondence to Ralf C. Bargou.

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Interessenkonflikt

R. Bargou erhält für Beratertätigkeit Honorare von den Firmen Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, GenMab, GEMoab. R. Bargou ist Erfinder/Patentinhaber von Blinatumomab und erhält Lizenzgebühr-Zahlungen von Amgen.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet Zusammenfassungen über vom Autor durchgeführte klinische Studien an Menschen.

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Bargou, R.C. Neue immuntherapeutische Prinzipien. Onkologe 23, 532–536 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0228-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0228-4

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