Zusammenfassung
Hämatologische Neoplasien stellen in der Schwangerschaft eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar und bedürfen eines interdisziplinären Therapievorgehens. Die häufigsten hämatologischen Malignome in der Schwangerschaft sind Hodgkin-Lymphome, hoch maligne Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome und akute Leukämien. Die Heilungsaussichten für die Mutter sind oft von einer konsequent durchgeführten intensiven Chemotherapie abhängig. Dabei sollte eine Chemotherapie wenn möglich bis zum Beginn des 2. Trimenons hinausgezögert werden, wenn die Organogenese bereits abgeschlossen ist. Im 1. Trimenon kann eine Chemotherapie zu einem Spontanabort führen oder die Rate an Fehlbildungen signifikant erhöhen. Im 2. und 3. Trimenon kann eine zytostatische Behandlung oft mit hinreichender Sicherheit durchgeführt werden, gleichwohl besteht ein erhöhtes fetales Risiko. Es ist wichtig, das potenzielle fetale Risiko mit dem mütterlichen Risiko einer unbehandelten Neoplasie abzuwägen.
Abstract
The management of hematologic malignancies during pregnancy presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges requiring an interdisciplinary approach. The most common hematologic neoplasias in pregnancy include Hodgkin’s disease, aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute leukemia. A cure for the mother often depends on the consistent administration of intensive chemotherapy regimens. Whenever possible, treatment should be deferred until the second trimester after the completion of organogenesis. Chemotherapy during the first trimester can induce a spontaneous abortion or significantly increase the risk of congenital malformations. During the second and third trimester chemotherapy can be administered with reasonable safety although an increased fetal risk will remain. It is important to balance the potential fetal risk against the maternal risk of an untreated neoplasia.
Literatur
Anselmo AP, Cavalieri E, Enrici RM et al (1999) Hodgkin’s disease during pregnancy: diagnostic and therapeutic management. Fetal Diagn Ther 14:102–105
Aviles A, Neri N (2001) Hematological malignancies and pregnancy: A final report of 84 children who received chemotherapy in utero. Clin Lymphoma 2:173–177
Azim HA Jr, Pavlidis N, Peccatori FA (2010) Treatment of the pregnant mother with cancer: a systematic review on the use of cytotoxic, endocrine, targeted agents and immunotherapy during pregnancy. Part II: Hematological tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 36:110–121
Bachanova V, Connors JM (2008) How is Hodgkin lymphoma in pregnancy best treated? ASH evidence-based review 2008. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2008:33–34
Benveniste H, Fowler JS, Rooney WD et al (2003) Maternal-fetal in vivo imaging: a combined PET and MRI study. J Nucl Med 44:1522–1530
Cardonick E, Iacobucci A (2004) Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy. Lancet Oncol 5:283–291
Chakravarty EF, Murray ER, Kelman A, Farmer P (2011) Pregnancy outcomes following maternal exposure to rituximab. Blood 117:1499–1506
Chelghoum Y, Vey N, Raffoux E et al (2005) Acute leukemia during pregnancy: a report on 37 patients and a review of the literature. Cancer 104:110–117
Cohen JB, Blum KA (2011) Evaluation and management of lymphoma and leukemia in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 54:556–566
Culligan DJ, Merriman L, Kell J et al (2007) The Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting during pregnancy. Clin Leuk 1:183–191
Germann N, Goffinet F, Goldwasser F (2004) Anthracyclines during pregnancy: embryo-fetal outcome in 160 patients. Ann Oncol 15:146–150
Kal HB, Struikmans H (2005) Radiotherapy during pregnancy: fact and fiction. Lancet Oncol 6:328–333
Levine D, Barnes PD, Edelman RR (1999) Obstetric MR imaging. Radiology 211:609–617
Oduncu FS, Hepp H, Emmerich B (2002) Krebs in der Schwangerschaft: Ethik der Entscheidung. Onkologe 8:1281–1293
Oduncu FS, Kimmig R, Hepp H, Emmerich B (2003) Cancer in pregnancy: maternal-fetal conflict. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 129:133–146
Peterson C, Lester DR Jr, Sanger W (2010) Burkitt’s lymphoma in early pregnancy. J Clin Oncol 28:136–138
Pye SM, Cortes J, Ault P et al (2008) The effects of imatinib on pregnancy outcome. Blood 111:5505–5508
Rizack T, Mega A, Legare R, Castillo J (2009) Management of hematological malignancies during pregnancy. Am J Hematol 84:830–841
Sagan D, Semczuk A, Lampka E (2010) Combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma during pregnancy: favorable outcome for mother and child. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 36:882–886
Shapira T, Pereg D, Lishner M (2008) How I treat acute and chronic leukemia in pregnancy. Blood Rev 22:247–259
Stuschke M, Müller WU (2002) Strahlentherapie in der Schwangerschaft. Onkologe 8:1302–1308
Van Calsteren K, Heyns L, De Smet F et al (2010) Cancer during pregnancy: an analysis of 215 patients emphasizing the obstetrical and the neonatal outcomes. J Clin Oncol 28:683–689
Interessenkonflikt
Die korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Adam, C., Oduncu, F. Hämatologische Neoplasien in der Schwangerschaft. Onkologe 18, 344–350 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2210-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2210-5