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Pathohistologische und molekulargenetische Diagnostik beim CUP-Syndrom

Pathohistology and molecular genetic diagnostics in CUP syndrome

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Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit einem unbekannten Primärtumor (CUP-Syndrom) repräsentieren eine relativ große Gruppe von an Krebserkrankten (5–10%), bei denen die Diagnose eines malignen Tumors durch die mikroskopische Untersuchung von Metastasen gestellt wird, der Primärtumor aber nicht bekannt ist. Die Inzidenz kann variieren, abhängig von der verwendeten Definition und der Intensität, mit der nach einem Primärtumor gesucht wird. Aus biologischer und prognostischer Sicht sind 8 klinische Entitäten des CUP-Syndroms unterschieden worden. Die Unterteilung in 4 histologische Diagnosegruppen soll die Suche nach dem Sitz des Primärtumors erleichtern. Die histologische Diagnostik sollte nach einem Stufenplan erfolgen. Unter Anwendung eines breiten Spektrums immuhistochemischer Marker können die verschiedensten Tumorentitäten so gut charakterisiert werden, dass molekulargenetische Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung der CUP-Entitäten heute noch kaum zur Anwendung kommen.

Abstract

Patients with cancers of unknown primary (CUP syndrome) represent a relatively large group of cancer patients (5–10%) in whom the histomorphological diagnosis is made from tissue from the metastasis, and the site of the primary tumour remains unclear. The incidence is variable, depending on the definition used and the intensity of the search for a primary tumour. From a biological and prognostic point of view, it is helpful to distinguish eight clinical entities of the CUP syndrome; four of these entities can be subdivided histologically. Histopathologic diagnosis should be performed using a diagnostic algorithm based on the HE morphology and supplemented by immunohistochemistry. With the use of a broad spectrum of immunohistochemical markers, many tumour entities can be diagnosed, so in most cases molecular genetic investigations are not necessary.

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Wittekind, C., Horn, LC. Pathohistologische und molekulargenetische Diagnostik beim CUP-Syndrom. Onkologe 14, 870–878 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-008-1433-y

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