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Rezidivtherapie und Prognosefaktoren im Rezidiv bei Hodentumoren

Salvage treatment and prognostic factors in relapse of germ cell tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Hodentumoren können trotz Versagen primärer Chirurgie, Strahlen- oder Chemotherapie geheilt werden. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit Progress oder Rezidiv nach Surveillance, primärer Chirurgie oder Strahlentherapie erfolgt analog derjenigen von Patienten mit primär metastasierter Erkrankung. Die Mehrzahl dieser Patienten mit Rezidiven aus den frühen Tumorstadien wird durch eine Chemotherapie mit Cisplatin, Etoposid und Bleomycin dauerhaft krankheitsfrei.

Die Rezidivbehandlung von Patienten mit refraktärer oder rezidivierter Erkrankung nach Chemotherapie ist komplex und erfordert Erfahrung. Bei Frührezidiven innerhalb von 2 Jahren nach primärer Chemotherapie kommen 2 alternative Strategien in Betracht: erstens eine konventionell dosierte Behandlung mit 4 Zyklen Cisplatin, Ifosfamid und entweder Etoposid, Paclitaxel oder Vinblastin, zweitens der frühzeitige Einsatz einer sequenziellen Hochdosischemotherapie (HDCT). Prognosefaktoren helfen bei der Auswahl der optimalen Therapiestrategie. Häufig muss die Rezidivchemotherapie mit einer Resektion verbliebener radiologischer Residuen (Residualtumorresektion, RTR) oder einer Bestrahlung z. B. von ZNS-Metastasen kombiniert werden. Sind nach mehr als 2 Jahren nach Primärtherapie Spätrezidive entstanden, sollte eine sofortige radikale Resektion aller Manifestationen angestrebt werden, wenn dies technisch möglich ist.

Abstract

The majority of patients with germ cell tumors who fail first-line treatment will still be cured. Patients without first-line chemotherapy who fail surveillance, radiotherapy, or surgery are managed according to the treatment algorithms for primary metastatic disease. These patients will usually be rendered disease-free with three to four cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin.

Salvage treatment of patients who relapse after first-line chemotherapy is complex and requires an experienced and highly specialized team. For patients with early relapse less than 2 years after first-line treatment, two strategies may be pursued: first, four cycles of conventional-dose chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide and either etoposide, paclitaxel, or vinblastine; second, early intensification of first-salvage treatment using sequential high-dose chemotherapy. Prognostic factors help in selecting the optimal salvage strategy. Additional salvage surgery is frequently required after completion of salvage chemotherapy to completely resect all radiologic residual manifestations. Patients with brain metastases should receive whole-brain radiation upfront, concurrent with salvage chemotherapy. Patients with late relapse more than 2 years after first-line treatment should receive immediate salvage surgery whenever this is technically feasible.

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Lorch, A., Oechsle, K., Bokemeyer, C. et al. Rezidivtherapie und Prognosefaktoren im Rezidiv bei Hodentumoren. Onkologe 14, 611–617 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-008-1364-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-008-1364-7

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