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Plattenepithelkarzinom und Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus

Unterschiede in Epidemiologie, Tumorbiologie, Diagnostik und Prävention

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Differences in epidemiology, tumor biology, diagnostic procedures, and prevention

Zusammenfassung

Das Ösophaguskarzinom gehört in Deutschland zu den zehn häufigsten Krebstodesursachen und betrifft hauptsächlich Männer, die älter als 50 Jahre sind. Während bis vor 30 Jahren histologisch überwiegend Plattenepithelkarzinome (PC) diagnostiziert wurden, lässt sich in den letzten Jahren in den westlichen Industrienationen eine exponentielle Zunahme der Adenokarzinome (AC) feststellen. Ätiologische Faktoren für das PC sind bekanntermaßen das Rauchen und ein starker Alkoholkonsum, für das AC werden ein lange bestehender gastroösophagealer Reflux und Übergewicht sowie das Rauchen und in geringerem Maße der Alkoholkonsum verantwortlich gemacht. Durch die rasante Entwicklung der Endoskopietechnologie hin zu hochauflösenden Videoendoskopen und Magnifikationsendoskopen sowie neuer diagnostischer Verfahren wie die Chromoendoskopie und Minisonden-Endosonographie haben die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten insbesondere für die Früherkennung dieser Tumoren einen hohen Standard erreicht.

Abstract

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the ten most frequent causes of cancer death in Germany and mainly affects men aged >50 years. While 30 years ago histologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) predominated, the last few years have evidenced an exponential increase in the number of adenocarcinomas (AC) in Western industrialized nations. Well-known etiologic factors for SCC are smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. A long history of gastroesophageal reflux and obesity as well as smoking and to a lesser extent alcohol consumption are considered causative factors for AC. Rapid developments in endoscopic technology leading to high-resolution video endoscopes and magnification endoscopes as well as novel diagnostic procedures such as chromoendoscopy and endosonography with a mini-probe have resulted in a high standard of diagnostic options, particularly for early detection of these tumors.

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Bollschweiler, E., Ell, C. Plattenepithelkarzinom und Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus. Onkologe 10, 1168–1178 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-004-0788-y

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