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Post-resistance exercise ingestion of milk protein attenuates plasma TNFα and TNFr1 expression on monocyte subpopulations

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Abstract

Attenuating TNFα/TNFr1 signaling in monocytes has been proposed as a means of mitigating inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a milk protein supplement on TNFα and monocyte TNFr1 expression. Ten resistance-trained men (24.7 ± 3.4 years; 90.1 ± 11.3 kg; 176.0 ± 4.9 cm) ingested supplement (SUPP) or placebo (PL) immediately post-exercise in a randomized, cross-over design. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30-min (30P), 1-h (1H), 2-h (2H), and 5-h (5H) post-exercise to assess plasma concentrations of myoglobin; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα); and expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFr1) on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes. Magnitude-based inferences were used to provide inferences on the true effects of SUPP compared to PL. Plasma TNFα concentrations were “likely attenuated” (91.6% likelihood effect) from BL to 30P in the SUPP group compared with PL (d = 0.87; mean effect: 2.3 ± 2.4 pg mL−1). TNFr1 expressions on classical (75.9% likelihood effect) and intermediate (93.0% likelihood effect) monocytes were “likely attenuated” from BL to 2H in the SUPP group compared with PL (d = 0.67; mean effect: 510 ± 670 RFU, and d = 1.05; mean effect: 2500 ± 2300 RFU, respectively). TNFr1 expression on non-classical monocytes was “likely attenuated” (77.6% likelihood effect) from BL to 1H in the SUPP group compared with PL (d = 0.69; mean effect: 330 ± 430 RFU). Ingestion of a milk protein supplement immediately post-exercise appears to attenuate both plasma TNFα concentrations and TNFr1 expression on monocyte subpopulations in resistance-trained men.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ran Wang, Michael B. La Monica, Mattan W. Hoffman, and Josh J. Riffe for their assistance in data collection. The authors would also like to thank MusclePharm Corp for supplying the supplement for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA

    Adam J. Wells, Alyssa N. Varanoske, David D. Church, Carleigh H. Boone, Kayla M. Baker, Kyle S. Beyer, David H. Fukuda, Jeffrey R. Stout & Jay R. Hoffman

  2. School of Health Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA

    Adam R. Jajtner

  3. Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA

    Adam M. Gonzalez

  4. Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA

    Jeremy R. Townsend

  5. Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA

    Gerald T. Mangine

  6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Leonardo P. Oliveira

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  1. Adam J. Wells
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  2. Adam R. Jajtner
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Contributions

Conception and design of research: AW, JH, AJ, AG, DF, and JS; Acquisition of data: AW, AJ, AV, DC, AG, JT, CB, KB, and KB; Data analysis and interpretation: AW, JH, AJ, DF, and JS; Manuscript draft and revision: AJ, JH, DF, and JS; and Approval of final version: AW, JH, AJ, AV, DC, AM, JT, CB, KB, KB, DF, and JS. Medical Supervisor: LO.

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Correspondence to Adam J. Wells.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. There is no funding to disclose.

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All procedures in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the New England Independent Review Board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

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Handling Editor: E. Rawson.

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Wells, A.J., Jajtner, A.R., Varanoske, A.N. et al. Post-resistance exercise ingestion of milk protein attenuates plasma TNFα and TNFr1 expression on monocyte subpopulations. Amino Acids 49, 1415–1426 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-017-2443-0

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