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Changes in brain protein expression are linked to magnesium restriction-induced depression-like behavior

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Abstract

There is evidence to suggest that low levels of magnesium (Mg) are associated with affective disorders, however, causality and central neurobiological mechanisms of this link are largely unproven. We have recently shown that mice fed a low Mg-containing diet (10% of daily requirement) display enhanced depression-like behavior sensitive to chronic antidepressant treatment. The aim of the present study was to utilize this model to gain insight into underlying mechanisms by quantifying amygdala/hypothalamus protein expression using gel-based proteomics and correlating changes in protein expression with changes in depression-like behavior. Mice fed Mg-restricted diet displayed reduced brain Mg tissue levels and altered expression of four proteins, N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), manganese-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) and voltage-dependent anion channel 1. The observed alterations in protein expression may indicate increased nitric oxide production, increased anti-oxidant response to increased oxidative stress and potential alteration in energy metabolism. Aberrant expressions of DDAH1, MnSOD and GDH1 were normalized by chronic paroxetine treatment which also normalized the enhanced depression-like behavior, strengthening the link between the changes in these proteins and depression-like behavior. Collectively, these findings provide first evidence of low magnesium-induced alteration in brain protein levels and biochemical pathways, contributing to central dysregulation in affective disorders.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Richard Tessadri for the determination of Mg levels. This work was funded by the FWF (P22931-B18).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr Straße 1/1 Stock, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Nigel Whittle, Simone B. Sartori & Nicolas Singewald

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Nigel Whittle, Lin Li, Wei-Qiang Chen, Jae-Won Yang & Gert Lubec

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  1. Nigel Whittle
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  2. Lin Li
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Correspondence to Gert Lubec.

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N. Whittle and L. Li have contributed equally to this article.

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Whittle, N., Li, L., Chen, WQ. et al. Changes in brain protein expression are linked to magnesium restriction-induced depression-like behavior. Amino Acids 40, 1231–1248 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0758-1

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