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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Taurine plays a beneficial role against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction

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This article was retracted on 20 March 2024

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Abstract

The present study has been carried out to investigate the role of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a conditionally essential amino acid, in ameliorating cadmium-induced renal dysfunctions in mice. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) has been selected as the source of cadmium. Intraperitoneal administration of CdCl2(at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight for 3 days) caused significant accumulation of cadmium in renal tissues and lessened kidney weight to body weight ratio. Cadmium administration reduced intracellular ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) of renal tissues. Levels of serum marker enzymes related to renal damage, creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) have been elevated due to cadmium toxicity. Cadmium exposure diminished the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiols. On the other hand, the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA fragmentation, concentration of superoxide radicals and activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP P450s) have been found to increase due to cadmium intoxication. Treatment with taurine (at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) before cadmium intoxication prevented the toxin-induced oxidative impairments in renal tissues. The beneficial role of taurine against cadmium-induced renal damage was supported from histological examination of renal segments. Vitamin C, a well-established antioxidant was used as the positive control in the study. Experimental evidence suggests that both taurine and vitamin C provide antioxidant defense against cadmium-induced renal oxidative injury. Combining all, results suggest that taurine protects murine kidneys against cadmium-induced oxidative impairments, probably via its antioxidative property.

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Abbreviations

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CdCl2 :

Cadmium chloride

CDNB:

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

DNPH:

2,4-Dinitro phenyl hydrazine

DTNB:

5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) [Ellman’s reagent]

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

FeCl3 :

Ferric chloride

FRAP:

Ferric reducing/antioxidant power

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Glutathione disulfide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

MDA:

Malonaldehyde

NEM:

N-ethylmaleimide

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced disodium salt

NBT:

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride

PMT:

Phenazine methosulphate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

NaN3 :

Sodium azide

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TPTZ:

2,4,6-Tripyridyl-1,3,5-triazine

UN:

Urea nitrogen

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Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to Mr. Prasanta Pal for excellent technical assistance for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India

    Prasenjit Manna, Mahua Sinha & Parames C. Sil

Authors
  1. Prasenjit Manna
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  2. Mahua Sinha
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  3. Parames C. Sil
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Parames C. Sil.

Additional information

Prasenjit Manna and Mahua Sinha contributed equally in the study.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03390-w

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Manna, P., Sinha, M. & Sil, P.C. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Taurine plays a beneficial role against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction. Amino Acids 36, 417–428 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0094-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0094-x

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