Summary.
Gliotransmission is a process in which astrocytes are dynamic elements that influence synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis. The best-known gliotransmitters are glutamate and ATP. However, in the past decade, it has been demonstrated that D-serine, a D-amino acid, acts as a gliotransmitter in glutamatergic synapses. The physiological relevance of D-serine is sustained by the way in which it modulates the action of glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal migration and long-term potentiation (LTP). In addition, the synthesis and degradation mechanisms of D-serine have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and related disorders. In the present review, detailed information is provided about the physiological and physiopathological relevance of D-serine, including metabolic and regulation aspects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acosta GB, Takarada T, Yoneda Y (2005) L-serine in the brain. In: Yoneda Y (ed) Amino Acids Signaling 04, 2005, Kerala, India, pp 17–31
J Altman SA Bayer (1996) ArticleTitleMigration and distribution of two populations of hippocampal granule cell precursors during the perinatal and postnatal periods J Comp Neurol 301 365–381
M Aschner JW Allen HK Kimelberg RM LoPachin WJ Strit (1999) ArticleTitleGlial cells in neurotoxicity development Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 39 151–173 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtVejt7s%3D
SW Barger AS Basile (2001) ArticleTitleActivation of microglia by secreted amyloid precursor protein evokes release of glutamate by cystine exchange and attenuates synaptic function J Neurochem 76 846–854 Occurrence Handle11158256 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFCjur4%3D
CA Barnes (2003) ArticleTitleLong-term potentiation and the aging brain Alzheimer human brain Brain Res Bull 38 181–183
D Bauer K Hamacher S Broer D Pauleit C Palm K Zilles HH Coenen KJ Langen (2005) ArticleTitlePreferred stereoselective brain uptake of D-serine a modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission Nuclear Med Biol 32 793–797 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFKhsb%2FM
P Bezzi V Gundersen JL Galbete G Seifert C Steinhauser E Pilati A Volterra (2004) ArticleTitleAstrocytes contain a vesicular compartment that is competent for regulated exocytosis of glutamate Nat Neurosci 7 613–620 Occurrence Handle15156145 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkt1Ggs7w%3D
JL Blouin BA Dombroski SK Nath VK Lasseter PS Wolyniec G Nestadt M Thornquist G Ullrich J McGrath L Kasch M Lamacz MG Thomas C Gehrig U Radhakrishna SE Snyder KG Balk K Neufeld KL Swartz N DeMarchi GN Papadimitriou DG Dikeos CN Stefanis A Chakravarti B Childs DE Housman HH Kazazian S Antonarakis AE Pulver (1998) ArticleTitleSchizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q32 and 8p21 Nat Genet 20 70–73 Occurrence Handle9731535 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtVOmtbo%3D
D Boehning SH Snyder (2003) ArticleTitleNovel neural modulators Ann Rev Neurosci 26 105–131 Occurrence Handle14527267 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntFSis7Y%3D
DA Butterfield D Boyd-Kimball (2004) ArticleTitleAmyloid beta-peptide (1-42) contributes to the oxidative stress and neurodegeneration found in Alzheimer disease brain Brain Pathol 14 426–432 Occurrence Handle15605990 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFShsrjF Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00087.x
A Carlsson (1988) ArticleTitleThe current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia Neuropsychopharm 1 179–186 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL1M3os1ymtQ%3D%3D
FA Carone CE Ganote (1975) ArticleTitleD-serine nephrotoxicity. The nature of proteinuria, glucosuria, and aminoaciduria in acute tubular necrosis Arch Pathol 99 658–662 Occurrence Handle1203037 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XivVyruw%3D%3D
NG Cascella F Macciardi C Cavallini E Smeraldi (1994) ArticleTitleD-cycloserine adjuvant therapy to conventional neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia: an open-label study J Neural Trans Gen Sect 95 105–111 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2M7mvFejtQ%3D%3D
D Castle P Sham R Murray (1998) ArticleTitleDifferences in distribution of ages of onset in males and females with schizophrenia Schizophrenia Res 33 179–183 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fgs1eguw%3D%3D
Cheluja MG, Scolari MJ, Coelho TM, Blake MG, Boccia MM, Baratti CM, Acosta GB (2006) L-serine and GABA uptake by synaptosomes during postnatal development of rat. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006 Feb 13; [Epub ahead of print]
I Chumakov M Blumenfeld O Guerassimenko L Cavarec M Palicio H Abderrahim L Bougueleret C Barry H Tanaka P La Rosa A Puech N Tahri A Cohen-Akenine S Delabrosse S Lissarrague FP Picard K Maurice L Essioux P Millasseau P Grel V Debailleul AM Simon D Caterina I Dufaure K Malekzadeh M Belova JJ Luan M Bouillot JL Sambucy G Primas M Saumier N Boubkiri S Martin-Saumier M Nasroune H Peixoto A Delaye V Pinchot M Bastucci S Guillou M Chevillon R Sainz-Fuertes S Meguenni J Aurich-Costa D Cherif A Gimalac C Van Duijn D Gauvreau G Ouellette I Fortier J Raelson T Sherbatich N Riazanskaia E Rogaev P Raeymaekers J Aerssens F Konings W Luyten F Macciardi PC Sham RE Straub DR Weinberger N Cohen D Cohen (2002) ArticleTitleGenetic and physiological data implicating the new human gene G72 and the gene for D-amino acid oxidase in schizophrenia Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 13365–13367
S Coco F Calegari E Pravettoni D Pozzi E Taverna P Rosa M Matteoli C Verderio (2003) ArticleTitleStorage and release of ATP from astrocytes in culture J Biol Chem 278 1354–1362 Occurrence Handle12414798 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvVan
SP Cook I Galve-Roperh A Martinez del Pozo I Rodriguez-Crespo (2002) ArticleTitleDirect calcium binding results in activation of brain serine racemase J Biol Chem 277 27782–27792 Occurrence Handle12021263 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvFKgtr4%3D
JJ Corrigan (1969) ArticleTitleD-amino acids in animals Science 164 142–149 Occurrence Handle5774186 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF1MXktV2mtrw%3D
CW Cotman JS Kahle SE Miller J Ulas RJ Bridges (1995) The fourth generation of progress FE Bloom DJ Kupfer (Eds) Psychopharmacology Raven Press New York 75–85
S Cull-Candy S Brickley M Farrant (2001) ArticleTitleNMDA receptor subunits: diversity, development and disease Curr Opin Neurobiol 11 327–335 Occurrence Handle11399431 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1Oktbg%3D
DR Curtis DA Johnston (1970) ArticleTitleStrychnine, glycine and vertebrate postsynaptic inhibition Nature 225 1258–1259 Occurrence Handle4314083 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3cXks1emu78%3D
NC Danbolt (2001) ArticleTitleGlutamate uptake Prog Neurobiol 65 1–105 Occurrence Handle11369436 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjsFWns74%3D
S Das YF Sasaki T Rothe LS Premkumar M Takasu JE Crandall P Dikkes DA Conner PV Rayudu W Cheung HS Chen SA Lipton N Nakanishi (1998) ArticleTitleIncreased NMDA current and spine density in mice lacking the NMDA receptor subunit NR3A Nature 393 377–381 Occurrence Handle9620802 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsFKgsbw%3D
FV De Feudis (1979) ArticleTitleHigh-affinity binding processes for GABA, glycine, and beta-alanine in synaptosome-enriched fractions of rats CNS J Physiol 75 651–654 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXlt1eqsg%3D%3D
TJ de Koning M Duran L Dorland R Gooskens E Van Schaftingen J Jaeken N Blau R Berger BT Poll-The (1998) ArticleTitleBeneficial effects of L-serine and glycine in the managements of seizures in 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency Ann Neurol 44 261–265 Occurrence Handle9708551 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsF2rt70%3D
TJ de Koning J Jaeken M Pineda L Van Maldergem BT Poll-The MS van der Knaap (2000) ArticleTitleHypomielination and reversible white matter attenuation in 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency Neuropediatrics 31 287–292 Occurrence Handle11508546 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitlSjtbw%3D
TJ de Koning K Snell M Duran R Berger BT Poll-The R Surtees (2003) ArticleTitleL-Serine in disease and development Biochem J 371 653–661 Occurrence Handle12534373 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtFKmurs%3D
J de Miranda R Panizzutti VN Foltyn H Wolosker (2002) ArticleTitleCofactors of serine racemase that physiologically stimulate the synthesis of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor coagonist D-serine Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 14542–14547 Occurrence Handle12393813 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosF2hsLg%3D
DS Dunlop A Neidle D McHale DM Dunlop A Lajtha (1986) ArticleTitleThe presence of free D-aspartic acid in rodents and man Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141 27–32 Occurrence Handle3801000 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXkslGltA%3D%3D
DS Dunlop A Neidle (2005) ArticleTitleRegulation of serine racemase activity by amino acids Brain Res Mol Brain Res 133 208–214 Occurrence Handle15710237 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlSmsbg%3D
IG Epstein KG Nair LI Boyd (1955) ArticleTitleCycloserine, a new antibiotic, in the treatment of human pulmonary tuberculosis: a preliminary report Antibiotic Med Clin Ther 1 80–93 Occurrence Handle14362439 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaG2M%2FmsVSqsA%3D%3D
V Eulenburg W Armsen H Betz J Gomeza (2005) ArticleTitleGlycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission Trends Biochem Sci 30 325–333 Occurrence Handle15950877 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltFCks7g%3D
VN Foltyn I Bendikov J De Miranda R Panizzutti E Dumin M Shleper P Li MD Toney E Kartvelishvily H Wolosker (2005) ArticleTitleSerine racemase modulates intracellular D-serine levels through an alpha, beta-elimination activity J Biol Chem 280 1754–1763 Occurrence Handle15536068 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksVSqtA%3D%3D
H Furukawa E Gouaux (2003) ArticleTitleMechanism of activation, inhibition and specificity: crystal structures of the NMDA receptor NR1 ligand-binding core EMBO J 22 2873–2885 Occurrence Handle12805203 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXks1Wqsrk%3D
S Furuya T Tabata J Mitoma K Yamada M Yamasaki A Makino T Yamamoto M Watanabe M Kano Hirabayash (2000) ArticleTitleL-serine and glycine serve as major astroglia-derived trophic factors for cerebellar Purkinje neurons Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 11528–11533 Occurrence Handle11016963 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnsF2qsLw%3D
DC Goff JT Coyle (2001) ArticleTitleThe emerging role of glutamate in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 158 1367–1377 Occurrence Handle11532718 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvovFKktw%3D%3D
P Gressens (2000) ArticleTitleMechanisms and disturbances of neuronal migration Pediatr Res 48 725–730 Occurrence Handle11102537 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7hsVGksQ%3D%3D
GE Hardingham H Bading (2003) ArticleTitleThe Yin and Yang of NMDA receptor signalling Trends Neurosci 26 81–89 Occurrence Handle12536131 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVygsw%3D%3D
PJ Harrison (1999) ArticleTitleThe neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation Brain 122 593–624 Occurrence Handle10219775
A Hashimoto (2002) ArticleTitleEffect of the intracerebroventricular and systemic administration of L-serine on the concentrations of D- and L-serine in several brain areas and periphery of rat Brain Res 955 214–220 Occurrence Handle12419539 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xotl2itLk%3D
A Hashimoto T Nishikawa T Oka K Takahashi (1993a) ArticleTitleEndogenous D-serine in rat brain: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related distribution and aging J Neurochem 60 783–786 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhtFOgtr4%3D
A Hashimoto S Kumashiro T Nishikawa T Oka K Takahashi T Mito S Takashima N Doi Y Mizutani T Yamazaki et al. (1993b) ArticleTitleEmbryonic development and postnatal changes in free D-aspartate and D-serine in the human prefrontal cortex J Neurochem 61 348–351 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXltV2lt7g%3D
A Hashimoto T Oka T Nishikawa (1995) ArticleTitleAnatomical distribution and postnatal changes in endogenous free D-aspartate and D-serine in rat brain and periphery Eur J Neurosci 7 1657–1663 Occurrence Handle7582120 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FmtFKisA%3D%3D
ME Hatten (1999) ArticleTitleCentral nervous system neuronal migration Ann Rev Neurosci 22 511–539 Occurrence Handle10202547 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvFems7k%3D
F Hayashi K Takahashi T Nishikawa (1997) ArticleTitleUptake of D- and L-serine in C6 glioma cells Neurosci Lett 239 85–88 Occurrence Handle9469662 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhsFekuw%3D%3D
PG Haydon (2001) ArticleTitleGLIA: listening and talking to the synapse Nat Rev Neurosci 2 185–193 Occurrence Handle11256079 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitVyqsL0%3D
L Helboe J Egebjerg M Moller C Thomsen (2003) ArticleTitleDistribution and pharmacology of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 (asc-1) in rodent brain Eur J Neurosci 18 2227–2238 Occurrence Handle14622183
A Ichihara DM Greenberg (1957) ArticleTitleFurther studies on the pathway of serine formation from carbohydrate J Biol Chem 224 331–340 Occurrence Handle13398409 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaG2sXktlKlsQ%3D%3D
J Jaeken M Detheux L Van Maldergem M Fouton H Carchon E Van Schaftigen (1996) ArticleTitle3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency: an inborn error of serine biosynthesis Arch Dis Child 74 542–545 Occurrence Handle8758134 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK28zhvVOjsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1136/adc.74.6.542
DC Javitt I Zylberman SR Zukin U Heresco-Levy JP Lindenmayer (1994) ArticleTitleAmelioration of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by glycine Am J Psychiatry 151 1234–1236 Occurrence Handle8037263 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2czhtFektw%3D%3D
DC Javitt A Balla H Sershen (2002) ArticleTitleA novel alanine-insensitive D-serine transporter in rat brain synaptosomal membranes Brain Res 941 146–149 Occurrence Handle12031557 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvVSgsL0%3D
E Kartvelishvily M Shleper L Balan E Dumin H Wolosker (2006) ArticleTitleNeuron-derived D-serine release provides a novel means to activate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors J Biol Chem 281 14151–14162 Occurrence Handle16551623 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XksFeisLo%3D
JA Kemp RM McKernan (2002) ArticleTitleNMDA receptor pathways as drug targets Nat Neurosci [Suppl] 1 1039–1042
JJ Kim MR Foy RF Thompson (1996) ArticleTitleBehavioral stress modifies hippocampal plasticity through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 4750–4753 Occurrence Handle8643474 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtVKls7c%3D
PM Kim H Aizawa PS Kim AS Huang SR Wickramasinghe AH Kashani RK Barrow RL Huganir A Ghosh SH Snyder (2005) ArticleTitleSerine racemase: activation by glutamate neurotransmission via glutamate receptor interacting protein and mediation of neuronal migration Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 2105–2110 Occurrence Handle15684087 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhvFGqsrg%3D
NW Kleckner R Dingledine (1988) ArticleTitleRequirement for glycine in activation of NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes Science 241 835–837 Occurrence Handle2841759 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlt1aqurc%3D
R Konno (2003) ArticleTitleRat cerebral serine racemase: amino acid deletion and truncation at carboxy terminus Neurosci Lett 349 111–114 Occurrence Handle12946565 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXms1yqtb4%3D
AC Lahti B Koffel D LaPorte CA Tamminga (1995) ArticleTitleSubanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia Neuropsychopharmacology 13 9–19 Occurrence Handle8526975 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXns1Kksbs%3D
P Legendre (2001) ArticleTitleThe glycinergic inhibitory synapse Cell Mol Life Sci 58 760–793 Occurrence Handle11437237 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlt1ait7Y%3D
U Levy DC Javitt M Ermilov C Mordel G Silipo M Lichtenstein (1999) ArticleTitleEfficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 29–36
U Levy M Ermilov P Lichtenberg G Bar DC Javitt (2004) ArticleTitleHigh dose glycine added to olanzapine and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia Biol Psych 55 165–171
U Levy DC Javitt R Ebstein A Vass P Lichtenberg G Bar S Catinari M Ermilov (2005) ArticleTitleD-serine efficacy as add-on to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment-refractory schizophrenia Biol Psych 57 577–585
WC Lewis G Calden JR Thurston WE Gilson (1957) ArticleTitlePsychiatric and neurological reactions to cycloserine in the treatment of tuberculosis Dis Chest 32 172–182 Occurrence Handle13447774 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaG2s%2FpsVGnug%3D%3D
MW Lin P Sham HG Hwu D Collier R Murray JF Powell (1997) ArticleTitleSuggestive evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to markers on chromosome 13 in Caucasian but not Oriental populations Hum Genet 99 417–420 Occurrence Handle9050933 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2s3gtlaitw%3D%3D
SA Lipton (2004) ArticleTitleFailures and successes of NMDA receptor antagonist: molecular basis for the use of open-channel blockers like memantine in the treatment of acute and chronic neurologic insults NeuroRx 1 101–110 Occurrence Handle15717010
AM Magariños BS McEwen (1995) ArticleTitleStress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hipocampal CA3 neurons neurons: involvement of glucocorticoid secretion and excitatory amino acid receptors Neurosci 69 89–98
T Matsui M Sekiguchi A Hashimoto U Tomita T Nishikawa K Wada (1995) ArticleTitleFunctional comparison of D-serine and glycine in rodents: the effect on cloned NMDA receptors and the extracellular concentration J Neurochem 65 454–458 Occurrence Handle7790891 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmsVCju7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010454.x
H Matsuo Y Kanai M Tokunaga T Nakata A Chairoungdua H Ishimine S Tsukada H Ooigawa H Nawashiro Y Kobayashi J Fukuda H Endou (2004) ArticleTitleHigh affinity D- and L-serine transporter Asc-1: cloning and dendritic localization in the rat cerebral and cerebellar cortices Neurosci Lett 358 123–126 Occurrence Handle15026164 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXitFejsbY%3D
B Moghaddam (1993) ArticleTitleStress preferentially increases extraneuronal levels of excitatory amino acids in the prefrontal cortex: comparison to hippocampus and basal ganglia J Neurochem 60 1650–1657 Occurrence Handle8097232 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXktVWmsb8%3D
S Moreno R Nardacci A Cimini MP Ceru (1999) ArticleTitleImmunocytochemical localization of D-amino acid oxidase in rat brain J Neurocytol 28 169–185 Occurrence Handle10617900 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitVejsbY%3D
A Morikawa K Hamase T Inoue R Konno A Niwa K Zaitsu (2001) ArticleTitleDetermination of free D-aspartic acid, D-serine and D-alanine in the brain of mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase activity J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 757 119–125 Occurrence Handle11419736 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFCku7c%3D
JP Mothet L Pollegioni G Ouanounou M Martineau P Fossier G Baux (2005) ArticleTitleGlutamate receptor activation triggers a calcium-dependent and SNARE protein-dependent release of the gliotransmitter D-serine Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 5606–5611 Occurrence Handle15800046 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjslaqtL8%3D
JP Mothet E Rouaud PM Sinet B Potier A Jouvenceau P Dutar C Videau J Epelbaum JM Billard (2006) ArticleTitleA critical role for the glial-derived neuromodulator D-serine in the age-related deficits of cellular mechanisms of learning and memory Aging Cell 102 267–274
Y Nagata R Konno A Niwa (1994) ArticleTitleAmino acid levels in D-alanine-administered mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase Metabolism 43 1153–1157 Occurrence Handle7916120 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsFaitb4%3D
M Nedergaard B Ransom SA Goldman (2003) ArticleTitleNew roles for astrocytes: redefining the functional architecture of the brain Trends Neurosci 26 523–530 Occurrence Handle14522144 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXns1Cgtbc%3D
A Neidle DS Dunlop (2002) ArticleTitleAllosteric regulation of mouse brain serine racemase Neurochem Res 27 1719–1724 Occurrence Handle12515328 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFCju7g%3D
RA Nicoll (2003) ArticleTitleExpression mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation: a postsynaptic view Phil Trans R Soc London Ser B Biol Sci 358 721–726 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktlSrtbc%3D
D Nicholls D Attwell (1990) ArticleTitleThe release and uptake of excitatory amino acids Trends Pharmacol Sci 11 462–468 Occurrence Handle1980041
KB O’Brien RF Miller MT Bowser (2005) ArticleTitleD-Serine uptake by isolated retinas is consistent with ASCT-mediated transport Neurosci Lett 385 58–63 Occurrence Handle15950382 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlslyltr0%3D
WM Oldendorph (1971) ArticleTitleBrain uptake of radio labeled amino acids, amines and hexoses after arterial injection Am J Physiol 221 1629–1639
SH Oliet R Piet DA Poulain DT Theodosis (2004) ArticleTitleGlial modulation of synaptic transmission: insights from the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus Glia 47 258–267 Occurrence Handle15252815
R Olivenza MA Moro I Lizasoain P Lorenzo AP Fernández J Rodrigo L Boscá JC Leza (2000) ArticleTitleChronic stress induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat brain cortex J Neurochem 74 785–791 Occurrence Handle10646531 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFyitQ%3D%3D
JW Olney (1971) ArticleTitleGlutamate-induced neuronal necrosis in the infant mouse hypothalamus: an electron microscopy study J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 30 75–90 Occurrence Handle5542543 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXotVyjtQ%3D%3D
JA Perez-León R Salceda (1995) ArticleTitleDifferent specific binding sites of [3H]glycine and [3H]strychnine in synaptosomal membranes isolated from frog retina Neurochem Res 20 915–922 Occurrence Handle8587649
FW Pfrieger (2002) ArticleTitleRole of glia in synapse development Curr Opin Neurobiol 12 486–490 Occurrence Handle12367626 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVagu78%3D
MS Pilone (2000) ArticleTitleD-Amino acid oxidase: new findings Cell Mol Life Sci 57 1732–1747 Occurrence Handle11130179 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFKgsA%3D%3D
M Pineda MA Vilaseca R Artuch S Santos MM García Gonzalez A Aracil E Van Schaftingen J Jaeken (2000) ArticleTitle3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency in a patient with West Syndrome Dev Med Child Neurol 42 629–633 Occurrence Handle11034457 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvosFOqtQ%3D%3D
T Priestley P Laughton J Myers B Le Bourdelles J Kerby PJ Whiting (1995) ArticleTitlePharmacological properties of recombinant human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors comprising NR1a/NR2A and NR1a/NR2B subunit assemblies expressed in permanently transfected mouse fibroblast cells Mol Pharmacol 48 841–848 Occurrence Handle7476914 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXps1amsbk%3D
K Prybylowski RJ Wenthold (2004) ArticleTitleN-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors: subunit assembly and trafficking to the synapse J Biol Chem 279 9673–9676 Occurrence Handle14742424 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvFCht7s%3D
P Reiprich et al. (2005) ArticleTitleNeonatal NMDA receptor blockade disturbs neuronal migration in rat somatosensory cortex in vivo Cereb Cortex 15 349–358 Occurrence Handle15269112
CS Ribeiro M Reis R Panizzutti J de Miranda H Wolosker (2002) ArticleTitleGlial transport of the neuromodulator D-serine Brain Res 929 202–209 Occurrence Handle11864625 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhsFaksLs%3D
A Rodríguez-Contreras F Calderón AM López-Colome (1998) ArticleTitleStrychnine-insensitive [3H] glycine binding to synaptosomal membranes from the chick retina Int J Dev Neurosci 16 413–421 Occurrence Handle9829177
HJ Sallach (1956) ArticleTitleFormation of serine from hydroxypyruvate and L-alanine J Biol Chem 223 1101–1108 Occurrence Handle13385257 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaG2sXis1ahsg%3D%3D
R Sapolsky H Uno C Robert C Finch (1990) ArticleTitleHippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates J Neurosci 10 2897–2904 Occurrence Handle2398367 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXmt1CltLg%3D
R Savoca U Ziegler P Sonderegger (1995) ArticleTitleEffects of L-serine on neurons in vitro J Neurosci Methods 61 159–167 Occurrence Handle8618415 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XktlOqtA%3D%3D
MJ Schell ME Molliver SH Snyder (1995) ArticleTitleD-serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator: localization to astrocytes and glutamate stimulated release Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 3948–3952 Occurrence Handle7732010 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlsVSks7k%3D
MJ Schell RO Brady ME Molliver SH Zinder (1997) ArticleTitleD-serine as neuromodulator: regional and developmental localizations in rat brain glia resemble NMDA receptors J Neurosci 17 1604–1615 Occurrence Handle9030620 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhtlOmsrY%3D
MJ Schell (2004) ArticleTitleThe N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site and D-serine metabolism: an evolutionary perspective Phil Trans R Soc London 359 943–964 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmt1yms7k%3D
SH Shaw M Kelly AB Smith G Shields PJ Hopkins J Loftus SH Laval A Vita M De Hert LR Cardon TJ Crow R Sherrington LE DeLisi (1998) ArticleTitleA genome-wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes Am J Med Genet 81 364–376 Occurrence Handle9754621 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1cvisFGqsA%3D%3D
K Shoji S Mariotto AR Ciampa H Suzuki (2006) ArticleTitleRegulation of serine racemase activity by D-serine and nitric oxide in human glioblastoma cells Neurosci Lett 392 75–78 Occurrence Handle16182447 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlSjsLfP
V Silei C Fabrizi G Venturini M Salmona O Bugiani F Tagliavini GM Lauro (1999) ArticleTitleActivation of microglial cells by PrP and beta-amyloid fragments raises intracellular calcium through L- type voltaje sensitive calcium channels Brain Res 818 168–170 Occurrence Handle9914452 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmtVCqug%3D%3D
K Strisovsky J Jiraskova C Barinka P Majer C Rojas BS Slusher J Konvalinka (2003) ArticleTitleMouse brain serine racemase catalyzes specific elimination of L-serine to pyruvate FEBS Lett 535 44–48 Occurrence Handle12560076 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsFShsA%3D%3D
K Strisovsky J Jiraskova A Mikulova L Rulisek J Konvalinka (2005) ArticleTitleDual substrate and reaction specificity in mouse serine racemase: identification of high-affinity dicarboxylate substrate and inhibitors and analysis of the beta-eliminase activity Biochemistry 44 13091–13100 Occurrence Handle16185077 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsleqs70%3D
RA Swanson W Ying TM Kauppinen (2004) ArticleTitleAstrocyte influences on ischemic neuronal death Curr Mol Med 4 193–205 Occurrence Handle15032713 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtVejt7w%3D
K Takahashi F Hayashi T Nishikawa (1997) ArticleTitleIn vivo evidence for the link between L- and D-serine metabolism in rat cerebral cortex J Neurochem 69 1286–1290 Occurrence Handle9282954 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXls1Churg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69031286.x
T Takano JH Lin G Arcuino Q Gao J Yang M Nedergaard (2001) ArticleTitleGlutamate release promotes growth of malignant gliomas Nat Med 7 1010–1015 Occurrence Handle11533703 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFOlsrw%3D
S Tan Y Sagara Y Liu P Maher D Schubert (1998) ArticleTitleThe regulation of reactive oxygen species production during programmed cell death J Cell Biol 141 1423–1432 Occurrence Handle9628898 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjvFKktr8%3D
AM Thomson (1990) ArticleTitleGlycine is a coagonist at the NMDA receptor/channel complex Prog Neurobiol 35 53–74 Occurrence Handle1699248 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXmtVCrur4%3D
D Trotti D Rossi O Gjesdal LM Levy G Racagni NC Danbolt A Volterra (1996) ArticleTitlePeroxynitrite inhibit glutamate transporter subtypes J Biol Chem 271 5976–5979 Occurrence Handle8626378 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhslGgsb8%3D
G Tsai P Yang LC Chung N Lange JT Coyle (1998) ArticleTitleD-serine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia Biol Psychiatry 44 1081–1089 Occurrence Handle9836012 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnvFKqurs%3D
GE Tsai P Yang LC Chung I Tsai C Tsai JT Coyle (1999) ArticleTitleD-serine added to clozapine for the treatment of schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 156 1822–1825 Occurrence Handle10553752 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FhvFWrsg%3D%3D
Y Urai O Jinnouchi KT Kwak A Suzue S Nagahiro K Fukui (2002) ArticleTitleGene expression of D-amino acid oxidase in cultured rat astrocytes: regional and cell type specific expression Neurosci Lett 324 101–104 Occurrence Handle11988337 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt1Squrk%3D
R Ventura KM Harris (1999) ArticleTitleThree-dimensional relationships between hippocampal synapses and astrocytes J Neurosci 19 6897–6906 Occurrence Handle10436047 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlt1Chsb8%3D
JJ Volpe G Lee L Laster JC Robinson (1970) ArticleTitleRegional distribution of isozymes of D-amino-acid oxidase and acetylesterase in developing primate brain Exp Neurol 28 76–87 Occurrence Handle4194299 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3cXkvFKhtrs%3D
A Volterra J Meldolesi (2005) ArticleTitleAstrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: the revolution continues Nat Rev Neurosci 6 626–640 Occurrence Handle16025096 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVGht7Y%3D
SM Williams CM Diaz LT Macnab RK Sullivan DV Pow (2006) ArticleTitleImmunocytochemical analysis of D-serine distribution in the mammalian brain reveals novel anatomical compartmentalizations in glia and neurons Glia 53 401–411 Occurrence Handle16342169
H Wolosker S Blackshaw SH Snyder (1999) ArticleTitleSerine racemase: a glial enzyme synthesizing D-serine to regulate glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 13409–13414 Occurrence Handle10557334 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXns1Gmtb0%3D
H Wolosker R Panuzzutti J de Miranda (2002) ArticleTitleNeurobiology through the looking-glass: D-serine as a new glial-derived transmitter Neurochem Int 41 327–332 Occurrence Handle12176074 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmtlemtrw%3D
S Wu SW Barger (2004) ArticleTitleInduction of serine racemase by inflammatory stimuli is dependent on AP-1 Ann N Y Acad Sci 1035 133–146 Occurrence Handle15681805 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivFymsLc%3D
SZ Wu AM Bodles MM Porter WS Griffin AS Basile SW Barger (2004) ArticleTitleInduction of serine racemase expression and D-serine release from microglia by amyloid beta-peptide J Neuroinflammation 1 2 Occurrence Handle15285800
M Xia Y Liu DJ Figueroa CS Chiu N Wei AM Lawlor P Lu C Sur KS Koblan TM Connolly (2004) ArticleTitleCharacterization and localization of a human serine racemase Brain Res Mol Brain Res 125 96–104 Occurrence Handle15193426 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvVKktLo%3D
X Xie T Dumas L Tang T Brennan T Reeder W Thomas RD Klein J Flores BF O’Hara HC Heller (2005) ArticleTitleLack of the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 causes tremors, seizures, and early postnatal death in mice Brain Res 1052 212–221 Occurrence Handle16026768 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXns1WmtrY%3D
E Yacubova H Komuro (2003) ArticleTitleCellular and molecular mechanisms of cerebellar granule cell migration Cell Biochem Biophys 37 213–234 Occurrence Handle12625628
K Yamada M Fukaya T Shibata H Kurihara K Tanaka Y Inoue M Watanabe (2000) ArticleTitleDynamic transformation of Bergmann glial fibers proceeds in correlation with dendritic outgrowth and synapse formation of cerebellar Purkinje cells J Comp Neurol 418 106–120 Occurrence Handle10701759 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7mtlKqtg%3D%3D
N Yamamoto U Tomita A Umino T Nishikawa (2001) ArticleTitleUptake of D-serine by synaptosomal P2 fraction isolated from rat brain Synapse 42 84–86 Occurrence Handle11574944 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnt1Cku74%3D
SN Yang LT Huang CL Wang WF Chen CH Yang SZ Lin MC Lai SJ Chen PL Tao (2003) ArticleTitlePrenatal administration of morphine decreases CREBSerine-133 phosphorylation and synaptic plasticity range mediated by glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 area of cognitive-deficient rat offspring Hippocampus 13 915–921 Occurrence Handle14750654 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotVShtw%3D%3D
E Yasuda N Ma R Semba (2001) ArticleTitleImmnunohistochemical demonstration of L-serine distribution in the rat brain Neurochem 12 1027–1030 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtVWgs78%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scolari, M., Acosta, G. D-serine: a new word in the glutamatergic neuro-glial language. Amino Acids 33, 563–574 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0481-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0481-0