Skip to main content
Log in

Identification of Free Radicals Formed in Gamma-Irradiated Acetazolamide Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Applied Magnetic Resonance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, spectroscopic, dosimetric and stability characteristics of free radicals formed in acetazolamide (ACE) sample as a result of gamma irradiation in the range of 0–15 kGy were determined using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, by interpreting the spectra of the sample in the 0–100 mW microwave power region, it was determined that two different radicals were formed in the sample. The structures formed after irradiation were attributed to CH3OṄ-(radical I) and -OSOṄH (radical II) radicals. The g-values, hyperfine coupling constants and spectrum contribution ratios of these radicals contributing to the experimental spectrum were also calculated. It has been determined that radical II is quite stable both at high temperature and after a long storage period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The authors confirm that the datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. L. Varshney, P.B. Dodke, Radiation effect studies on anticancer drugs, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin for radiation sterilization. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 71(6), 1103–1111 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.P. Basly, I. Longy, M. Bernard, Radiosterilization dosimetry by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy: cefotetan. Anal Chimica Acta. 359(1–2), 107–113 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. G.P. Jacobs, Stability of cefazolin and other new cephalosporins following gamma irradiation. Int. J. Pharm. 17(1), 29–38 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.P. Basly, I. Longy, M, Bernard, Influence of radiation treatment on theodrenaline: ESR and HPLC study. Int. J. Pharm. 152(2), 201–206 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Aydaş, M. Polat, M. Korkmaz, Identification and dosimetric features of γ-irradiated cefadroxil by electron spin resonance. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77(1), 79–86 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.P. Basly, I. Longy, M. Bernard, Radiation effects on dopamine and norepinephrine. Pharm. Res. 14(9), 1192–1196 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H.S. Murrieta, E.P. Munoz, E. Adem, G. Burillo, M. Vazquez, E.B. Cabrera, Effect of irradiation dose, storage time and temperature on the ESR signal in irradiated oat, and corn and wheat. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47(11–12), 1657–1661 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Damian, EPR investigation of γ-irradiated anti-emetic drugs. Talanta 60(5), 923–927 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Sütçü, Y.E. Osmanoğlu, Electron spin resonance identification of gamma irradiated 2, 4′-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane and 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate in the solid state. J. Mol. Struct. 1174, 67–73 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. K.I. Aleksieva, N.D. Yordanov, Various approaches in EPR identification of gamma-irradiated plant foodstuffs: a review. Food Res. Int. 105, 1019–1028 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M.F. Desrosiers, Current status of the EPR method to detect irradiated food. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47(11–12), 1621–1628 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M.H. Başkan, Y.E. Osmanoğlu, K. Sütçü, M. Aydın, Ş Osmanoğlu, Radiation effect studies in single crystal of trifluoroacetyl-α-aminoisobutyric acid. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 170(10), 854–861 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.H. Baskan, M. Aydın, Ş Osmanoglu, Investigation of 60Co-irradiated L-(À) malic acid, N-methyl-DL-valine and L-glutamic acid c-ethyl ester by electron paramagnetic resonance technique. J. Mol. Struct. 983, 200–202 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. H.M. Zhang, X. Wan, Theoretical studies of spin Hamiltonian parameters for the tetragonally elongated Cu2+ centers in ARbB4O7 (A= Li, Na, K) glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 361, 43–46 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. H.M. Zhang, Investigation on the EPR parameters and local structure for the Cu2+ center in ZnAl2O4 spinel. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 389, 176–179 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. H.M. Zhang, X. Wan, Z.M. Zhang, Theoretical studies of the spin Hamiltonian parameters and local structures for the tetragonal Cu2+ and Ni3+ centers in Mg2TiO4. J. Alloy. Compd. 549, 226–230 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. E. Ece, H.U. Tasdemir, R. Biyik, A. Ozmen, U. Sayin, Paramagnetic characterization and dosimetric properties of Airfix drug and its ingredients (Montelukast sodium, Sorbitol): An EPR and DFT study. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 195, 110082 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Yurus, T. Ozbey, M. Korkmaz, ESR investigation of gamma irradiated sulbactam sodium. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 35(5), 971–978 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J.P. Basly, M. Bernard, I. Basly, Electron spin resonance detection of radiosterilization of pharmaceuticals: application to four nitrofurans. Analyst 123(8), 1753–1756 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Mousa, L. Veres, A. Mohamed, D. De Graef, E. Morava, Acetazolamide treatment in late onset CDG type 1 due to biallelic pathogenic DHDDS variants. Mol Genet Metab Rep 32, 100901 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R.C. Greiner, H.M. Beasley, H. Bodhireddy, C.R. Bouterse, M.T. Eggleston, D.C. Pfeiffer, Revisiting acidosis in acetazolamide treatment of severe glaucoma: a case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 27, 101658 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. NIH 2012. Public Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Software Tools, https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software/tox-pharm/tools/index.cfm

  23. G. Ilangovan, A. Manivannan, H. Li, H. Yanagi, J.L. Zweier, P. Kuppusamy, A naphthalocyanine-based EPR probe for localized measurements of tissue oxygenation. Free Radic Biol Med. 32(2), 139–147 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Köseoǧlu, E. Köseoǧlu, F. Köksal, Electron paramagnetic resonance of some γ-irradiated drugs. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 58(1), 63–68 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. D.M. Zengin, M. Birey, H. Aktas, A. Hancer, A.M. Murathan, ESR of gamma irradiation damage centers in single crystals of some glutamic acid derivatives. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51(8), 895–897 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. H.M. McConnell, D.B. Chesnut, Theory of isotropic hyperfine interactions in π-electron radicals. J. Chem. Phys. 28(1), 107–117 (1958)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. S.B. Zincircioğlu, N. Canoruç, Ş Osmanoğlu, M.H. Başkan, I.Y. Dicle, M. Aydın, Electron paramagnetic resonance of some γ-irradiated amino acid derivatives. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 61(10–11), 577–582 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. J.P. Basly, I. Basly, M. Bernard, Electron spin resonance identification of irradiated ascorbic acid: dosimetry and influence of powder fineness. Analytica Chima Acta 372, 373–378 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ş Çolak, Feasibility of radiation sterilization and dosimetric features of ampicillin: an electron spin resonance study. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 171(11–12), 904–915 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.P. Basly, I. Longy, M. Bernard, ESR identification of radiosterilized pharmaceuticals: latamoxef and ceftriaxone. Int J Pharma 158, 241–245 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

KS: conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing, visualization, supervision. YEO: conceptualization, methodology, resources, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing, visualization, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kerem Sütçü.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethical Approval

This research did not contain any studies involving animal or human participants, nor did it take place on any private or protected areas. No specific permissions were required for corresponding locations.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sütçü, K., Osmanoğlu, Y.E. Identification of Free Radicals Formed in Gamma-Irradiated Acetazolamide Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Appl Magn Reson 54, 737–750 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-023-01551-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-023-01551-w

Navigation