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Coupling Sub-nanoliter BDPA Organic Radical Spin Ensembles with YBCO Inverse Anapole Resonators

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Abstract

We report the development and test of planar microwave Inverse Anapole Resonators (IARs) made of superconducting Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) for electron spin resonance spectroscopy on small samples. We first characterize our resonators in zero field and then by carrying out transmission spectroscopy on a diluted \(\alpha ,\gamma \)-bisdiphenylene-\(\beta \)-phenylally (BDPA) organic radical spin ensemble in an applied magnetic field. These IARs allow us to carry out electron spin resonance spectroscopy both in continuous-wave and pulsed-wave mode, and to estimate the spin memory time of BDPA. The comparison with the results obtained for the same sample on typical linear coplanar resonators shows an improvement by \(\approx 2\text { - up to}\,3\) – orders of magnitude in spin sensitivity, with effective sensing volumes below 1 nanoliter. The best sensitivity we achieved is \(S\approx \,10^{7}\,\text {spin}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}\) in the pulsed-wave regime. These results compare well with similar experiments reported in the literature.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Dorsa Komijani (previously at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA) for additional discussion on BDPA sample. This work was funded by the H2020-FETOPEN “Supergalax” project (Grant Agreement No. 863313) supported by the European Community and supported by NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme (NATO SPS Project No. G5859). MM acknowledges TUBITAK-BIDEB for the 2219 scholarship program. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by the National Science Foundation through NSF/DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida.

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Author notes

  1. M. Maksutoglu and A. Ghirri are contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy

    Claudio Bonizzoni & Marco Affronte

  2. Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy

    Claudio Bonizzoni & Alberto Ghirri

  3. Physics Department, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Maksut Maksutoglu & Bulat Rameev

  4. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Paul Dirac Drive 1800 E, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA

    Johan van Tol

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  1. Claudio Bonizzoni
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Contributions

Data on CW transmission spectroscopy were collected by CB and MM. Data on PW transmission spectroscopy were collected by CB. All data analysis has been carried out by CB. MM carried out the electromagnetic simulations of the resonators. IARs were fabricated by AG and MM. The BDPA sample was prepared by JvT. The paper was written by CB with inputs from all authors. MA, BR, AG, MM, CB conceived the experiment. The manuscript has been revised by all authors before submission.

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Correspondence to Claudio Bonizzoni.

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Bonizzoni, C., Maksutoglu, M., Ghirri, A. et al. Coupling Sub-nanoliter BDPA Organic Radical Spin Ensembles with YBCO Inverse Anapole Resonators. Appl Magn Reson 54, 143–164 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-022-01505-8

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