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Brain Oximetry and the Quest for Quantified Metabolic Rate: Applications Using MRI and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

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Abstract

Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is a robust marker of brain health. It represents the amount of oxygen consumed by the brain, and it has been proved to be more sensitive indicator than oxygenation level and cerebral blood flow alone. Quantitative assessment of CMRO2 provides a useful insight into the viability of the brain tissue, the progression of a brain disease or action of a treatment. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing methods that can quantify CMRO2, despite its complexity. Over the past years, many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based methods and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based methods have been developed for CMRO2 quantification. Here, we review the available approaches based on these two techniques, their advantages, and disadvantages. Examples of application of these approaches in animal models, neonates and adults under normal and different physiological conditions are provided. Physiological correlates such as cerebral blood flow, venous oxygen saturation and oxygen extraction fraction in addition to CMRO2 values found in the literature, are presented as well. We also show how the benefits of these two techniques can be combined to create a multimodal NIRS-MRI technique that can provide novel data, allowing better understanding of CMRO2 and oxidative metabolism in the brain.

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Funding

Canadian Institute of Health Research project grant 173416, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council discovery grant RGPIN-2020-05225, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Alberta Graduate Excellence Scholarship (AGES) and University of Calgary Eyes High International Doctoral Scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Mada Hashem & Jeff F. Dunn

  2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Mada Hashem & Jeff F. Dunn

  3. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Mada Hashem & Jeff F. Dunn

  4. Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada

    Mada Hashem & Jeff F. Dunn

Authors
  1. Mada Hashem
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MH: conceptualization, literature search, and writing—original draft preparation; JFD: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervision, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Jeff F. Dunn.

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Hashem, M., Dunn, J.F. Brain Oximetry and the Quest for Quantified Metabolic Rate: Applications Using MRI and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Appl Magn Reson 52, 1343–1377 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-021-01345-y

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