Abstract
Data on long-term persistence of nitroxide radicals typically are focused on solid samples. Less information is available for nitroxides in fluid solution. Sealed deoxygenated solutions of a doxyl nitroxide in tetrahydrofuran and a piperidinyl nitroxide in toluene in 4 mm EPR tubes were kept in a laboratory environment at ambient temperature and without protection from light. After more than 40 years, the concentrations of the solutions had decreased by about factors of 12 and 6, respectively. The longevity in solution probably depends strongly on the purity of the solvent, but these results indicate remarkable persistence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.I. Likhtenshtein, J. Yamauchi, S. Nakatsuji, A.I. Smirnov, R. Tamura, Nitroxides: Applications in Chemistry, Biomedicine and Materials Science (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008)
L.B. Volodarsky, V.A. Reznikov, V.I. Ovcharenko, Synthetic Chemistry of Stable Nitroxides (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994)
D. Griller, K.U. Ingold, Acct. Chem. Res. 9, 13–19 (1976)
R.G. Hicks, Stable Radicals. Fundamentals and Applied Aspects of Odd-Electron Compounds (Wiley, New York, 2010)
N. Kocherginsky, H.M. Swartz, Nitroxide Spin Labels: Reactions in Biology and Chemistry (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995)
G.M. Rosen, B.E. Britigan, H.J. Halpern, S. Pou, Free Radicals: Biology and Detection By Spin Trapping (Oxford University Press, New York, 1999)
E.G. Rozantsev, Free Nitroxyl Radicals (Plenum Press, New York, 1970)
G.M. Rosen, B.E. Britigan, H.J. Halpern, S. Pou, Free Radicals: Biology and Detection By Spin Trapping (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999)
M.J. Heinig, G.R. Eaton, S.S. Eaton, Org. Magn. Reson. 11, 211–212 (1978)
S.S. Eaton, H. Van Willigen, M.J. Heinig, G.R. Eaton, J. Magn. Reson. 38, 325–330 (1980)
G.R. Eaton, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 8, 647–652 (1972)
J.A. Nelson, S. Chou, T.A. Spencer, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 97, 648–649 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elajaili, H., Sedhom, J., Eaton, S.S. et al. Persistence of Nitroxide Radicals in Solution. Appl Magn Reson 50, 1177–1181 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-019-01135-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-019-01135-7