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Proton-Electron Double-Resonance Imaging of pH Using Phosphonated Trityl Probe

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Abstract

Variable radio frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging (VRF PEDRI) enables extracting a functional map from a limited number of images acquired at pre-selected EPR frequencies using specifically designed paramagnetic probes with high-quality spatial resolution and short acquisition times. In this work we explored the potential of VRF PEDRI for pH mapping of aqueous samples using recently synthesized pH-sensitive phosphonated trityl radical, pTR. The ratio of Overhauser enhancements measured at each pixel at two different excitation frequencies corresponding to the resonances of protonated and deprotonated forms of pTR probe allows for a pH map extraction. Long relaxation times of pTR allow for pH mapping at EPR irradiation power as low as 1.25 W during 130 s acquisition time with spatial resolution of about 1 mm. This is particularly important for in vivo applications enabling one to avoid sample overheating by reducing RF power deposition.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by a NIH Grants EB014542 and EB016096grant, and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grant 26249057 to H.H. V.V.K. acknowledges JSPS for invitation fellowship S-14064.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Wataru Takahashi, Andrey A. Bobko, Ilirian Dhimitruka & Valery V. Khramtsov

  2. Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Wataru Takahashi & Hiroshi Hirata

  3. Division of Cardiology and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jay L. Zweier & Alexandre Samouilov

Authors
  1. Wataru Takahashi
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  2. Andrey A. Bobko
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  3. Ilirian Dhimitruka
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  7. Valery V. Khramtsov
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Correspondence to Valery V. Khramtsov.

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Takahashi, W., Bobko, A.A., Dhimitruka, I. et al. Proton-Electron Double-Resonance Imaging of pH Using Phosphonated Trityl Probe. Appl Magn Reson 45, 817–826 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-014-0570-2

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