Abstract
The main component of the insect immune system is melanotic encapsulation of pathogenic organisms. Molecular mechanisms of destruction of an encapsulated pathogen are poorly understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered as probable cytotoxic agents responsible for destruction of pathogenic organisms in insect hemolymph. In the present work the formation of H2O2 during melanization in Galleria mellonella hemolymph in the presence of catalase inhibitor NaN3 was detected. Enhanced rates of H2O2 generation were observed in the hemolymph of insects activated by injection of bacterial cells. Using spin trapping technique in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy we demonstrated that production of H2O2 in the hemolymph causes the formation of highly toxic reactive oxygen species, hydroxyl radical. However, neither H2O2 nor hydroxyl radical were detected in the absence of NaN3 in agreement with the high catalase activity in the hemolymph. These observations allow us to propose a unique mechanism of pathogen-targeted cytotoxicity based on localized hydroxyl radical generation within a melanotic capsule.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sugumaran, M.: Pigment Cell Res. 15, 2–9 (2002)
Nappi, A.J., Vass, E.: Pigment Cell Res. 6, 117–126 (1993)
Nappi, A.J., Christensen, B.M.: Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35, 443–459 (2005)
Slepneva, I.A., Komarov, D.A., Glupov, V.V., Serebrov, V.V., Khramtsov, V.V.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 300, 188–191 (2003)
Arakawa, T.: J. Insect Physiol. 40, 165–171 (1994)
Nappi, A.J., Vass, E., Frey, F., Carton, Y.: Eur. J. Cell Biol. 68, 450–456 (1995)
Whitten, M.M.A., Ratcliffe, N.A.: J. Insect Physiol. 45, 667–675 (1999)
Auclair, C., Voisin, E., in: Greenwald, R.A. (ed.) Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, p. 123. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1985)
Komarov, D.A., Slepneva, I.A., Glupov, V.V., Khramtsov, V.V.: Free Radic. Res. 39, 853–858 (2005)
Korytowski, W., Kalyanaraman, B., Menon, I.A., Sarna, T., Sealy, R.C.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta 882, 145–153 (1986)
Nappi, A.J., Vass, E.: J. Parasitol. 84, 1150–1157 (1998)
Kumar, S., Cristophides, G.K., Cantera, R., Charles, B., Han, Y.S., Meister, S., Dimopoulos, G., Kafatos, F.C., Barillas-Mury, C.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 14139–14144 (2003)
Ahmad, S., Pardini, R.S.: Free Radic. Biol. Med. 8, 401–413 (1990)
Jiang, Z.-Y., Woollard, A.C.S., Wolff, S.P.: FEBS Lett. 268, 69–71 (1990)
Buettner, G.R., Mason, R.P.: Methods Enzymol. 186, 127–133 (1990)
Buettner, G.R.: Free Radic. Biol. Med. 3, 259–303 (1987)
Shelby, K.S., Popham, H.J.R.: J. Insect Sci. 6, 13 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Komarov, D.A., Ryazanova, A.D., Slepneva, I.A. et al. Pathogen-targeted hydroxyl radical generation during melanization in insect hemolymph: EPR study of a probable cytotoxicity mechanism. Appl Magn Reson 35, 495–501 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-009-0180-6
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-009-0180-6