Abstract
In this paper, we report electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of YAlO3 (YAP) single crystals and their preliminary theoretical analysis. Two kinds of the as-grown and annealed (in reducing N2 plus H2 atmosphere at 1100 K) YAP samples, nominally pure and doped with Co2+ ions, were studied. The presence of small amounts of Cr3+ and Fe3+ paramagnetic centers is revealed from the observed EPR spectral lines. In the annealed crystals, a decrease in the line intensity for Fe3+ ions and a simultaneous increase for Cr3+ ions is observed. Interestingly, a gradual decrease in intensity of both the Cr3+ and Fe3+ lines down to zero has been observed in EPR spectra below 80 K. The aim of this paper, first in the series of investigations, is to unravel characteristics of unintentional impurities present in nominally pure YAP crystals as indicated by EPR measurements. For this purpose, the spin Hamiltonian analysis of EPR spectra has been carried out on the basis of the triclinic (C i ) site symmetry. The fitted spin Hamiltonian parameters for Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions, i.e., zero-field splitting parameters and the Zeeman electronic tensor components, agree well with literature data. More detailed analysis of low symmetry aspects involved in EPR studies based on superposition model will be provided elsewhere.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I.F. Elder, M.J. Payne, Opt. Commun. 148, 265 (1998)
A.A. Kaminski, Laser Crystals (Springer, Berlin, 1990)
A.J. Wojtowicz, J. Glodo, A. Lempicki, C. Brecher, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10, 8401 (1998)
M. Noginov, N. Noginova, M. Gyrley, N. Kukhtarev, H. Caulfield, P. Venkateswarly, G. Loutts, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1463 (1998)
A.M. Grishin, G.V. Gusakov, A.B. Mukhin, N.Y. Starostiuk, D.I. Savitski, I.M. Suvorotka, Pisma v Zhurnal Technicheskoj Fiziki 57, 498 (1993)
S. Geller, E.A. Wood, Acta Crystallogr. 9, 563 (1956)
L. Vasylechko, A. Matkovskii, D. Savytski, A. Suchocki, F. Wallrafen, J. Alloys Compds. 291, 57 (1999)
M. Yamaga, H. Takeuchi, T.J. Han, B. Henderson, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5, 8097 (1993)
R.F. Belt, J.R. Latore, R. Uhrin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 218 (1974)
R.R. Rakhimov, A.L. Wilkerson, G.B. Loutts, M.A. Noginov, N. Noginova, W. Lindsay, H.R. Ries, Solid State Commun. 108, 549 (1998)
M. Yamaga, T. Yosida, B. Henderson, K. O’Donnell, M. Date, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 4, 7285 (1992)
T. Tomiki, M. Kaminao, Y. Tanahana, T. Futemma, M. Fujisowa, F. Fukudome, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 60, 1799 (1991)
D.I. Savytskii, L.O. Vasylechko, A.O. Matkovskii, I.M. Solskii, A. Suchocki, D.Y. Sugak, F. Wallrafen, J. Cryst. Growth 209, 874 (2000)
B. Perner, J. Kvapil, J. Kvapil, B. Mek, K. Blazek, Z. Hendrich, Cryst. Res. Technol. 20, 473 (1985)
N. Niezamutdinov, N. Khasanowa, A. Goleev, G. Bułka, V. Vinokurov, V. Akkerman, G. Ermokov, Kristalografiya 34, 893 (1989)
A. Pinto, N.Z. Sherman, M.J. Weber, J. Magn. Reson. 6, 422 (1972)
D.J. Newman, B. Ng, Rep. Prog. Phys. 52, 954 (1989)
P. Gnutek, C. Rudowicz, Opt. Mater. 31, 391 (2008)
C. Rudowicz, P. Gnutek, Phys. B 403, 2349 (2008)
R.L. White, G.F. Herrmann, J.W. Carson, M. Mandel, Phys. Rev. 136, A231 (1964)
D.G. McGavin, M.Y. Mombourquette, J.A. Weil, Computer Program EPR–NMR version 6.5. (Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, 2002)
A. Abragam, B. Bleaney, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Ions (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970)
A. Abragam, B. Bleaney, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Ions (Dover, New York, 1986)
S. Altshuler, B.M. Kozyrev, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Compounds of Transition Elements (Wiley, New York, 1974)
C. Rudowicz, Magn. Res. Rev. 13, 1 (1987)
C. Rudowicz, Magn. Res. Rev. 13, 335 (1987)
C. Rudowicz, S.K. Misra, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 36, 11 (2001)
C. Rudowicz, J. Phys. C 18, 1415 (1985)
C. Rudowicz, J. Phys. C 18, 3837 (1985)
C. Rudowicz, C.Y. Chung, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, 5825 (2004)
J.R. Pilbrow, Transition-Ion Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990)
F.E. Mabbs, D. Collison, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of d Transition-Metal Compounds (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992)
C. Rudowicz, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 12, L417 (2000)
T.H. Yeom, C. Rudowicz, S.H. Choh, D.G. McGavin, Phys. Stat. Sol. b 198, 839 (1996)
D.G. McGavin, J. Magn. Reson. 74, 19 (1987)
Misra S. K., in Transition Series Ions, ed. by C. P. Poole Jr, H. A. Farach. Handbook of Electron Spin Resonance, vol. 2, chapt. VI (AIP, New York, 1999), pp. 85–114
J.M. Baker, J. Kuriata, A.C. O’Connell, L. Sadlowski, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 7, 2321 (1995)
J. Kuriata, J.M. Baker, L. Sadlowski, I. Stefaniuk, T. Bodziony, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 10, 407 (1998)
A. Sugimoto, Y. Noble, K. Yamagishi, J. Cryst. Growth 140, 349 (1994)
M. Korzyk, M. Livshits, N. Zotov, M. Meilman, Zhurnal Prikladnoj Spektroskopii 48, 972 (1988)
P. Dorenbos, M. Korzyk, A. Kudriavtseva, V. Liubetskii, B. Minkov, V. Pavlenko, A. Fedorov, Zhurnal Prikladnoj Spektroskopii 59, 226 (1993)
D. Sugak, A. Matkovskii, A. Durygin, A. Suchocki, I. Solskii, S. Ubizskii, K. Kopczynski, Z. Mierczyk, P. Potera, J. Lumin. 82, 9 (1999)
S. Kuck, Appl. Phys. B 72, 515 (2001)
Z. Mierczyk, Z. Frukacz, J. Kisilewski, Proc. SPIE 3186, 180 (1997)
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by a grant to A.S. from the Polish Ministry of Science and Education for the years 2006–2009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stefaniuk, I., Rudowicz, C., Gnutek, P. et al. EPR Study of Cr3+ and Fe3+ Impurity Ions in Nominally Pure and Co2+-Doped YAlO3 Single Crystals. Appl Magn Reson 36, 371–380 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-009-0033-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-009-0033-3